Introduction
Have you ever been curious about the formation of the universe, planets, asteroids and rotations? There are many people who have been curious, to the point where they decided to research and analyze information about the universe to sate their growing curiosity.
Formation of Planets
A planet is formed after it has gone through two stages, the Planetesimal and the Protoplanets. The planetesmial theory states that planetesimals are small objects that are formed out of collided grains of dust and are stuck together to become larger objects. The first step in the formation of planets is that a protoplanetary disc was made from the materials of the solar nebula. The solar nebula was supposedly disc-shaped cloud of dust and gas left over from the formation of the sun. Because of this accretion, the smaller sized dust particles begin to gather together due to collisions which form larger bodies of planetesimals. When planetesimals reach a certain size they start to attract other smaller bodies because of their gravity. Over time planetesimals get big enough to attract bigger bodies which form protoplanets, which then form planets. Planetesimals over time form planets, but there are two types of planets known in the universe, Terrestrial Inner Planets and Outer Giant Gaseous Planets.
Terrestrial Inner Planets V.S Outer Giant Gaseous Planets
Inner and Outer planets are different by many characteristics. The 4 inner planets are known as terrestrial planets because they’re quite similar to Earth, due to their solid surface. Inner planets are made up of iron and nickel and have few or no moons. Mercury is the smallest planet out of all of them and is composed of mostly iron and nickel. Refer to Figure 1, the picture shows tha...
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... Earth’s Moon. The first one known as the Fission Theory states that the moon was once a part of the Earth but was separated from the Earth. The Capture Theory states that the moon was formed somewhere else but was then captured by Earth’s gravitational pull. The condensation theory states that both the Earth and the Sun condensed together from the original nebula that created the solar system.
Unusual Rotation of Uranus
Uranus’s rotational axis is nearly horizontal, almost as if the planet has been knocked over. This strange orientation could be from a collision between Uranus and a planet sized body. The magnetic fields are usually in sync with a planets rotation, which means that Uranus’s magnetic fields are also tipped over.
Conclusion
These are all the different theories formed from different scientists to sate their curiosity about the universe and planets.
These three theories do not effectively offer an explanation
Observations (page 26) are only clues to a mystery. The schema created by the observer can affect the results. "Therefore, observations like those discussed in the preceding sections could be collected and put in systematic form by men whose beliefs about the structure of the universe resembled those of the ancient Egyptians" (page 26).
Uranus is about 4 times the diameter of earth at 46,700km. Its mass is 15 times that of earth at 8.68*10 kg. The axial tilt of this planet is one of the most unusual things about it. It is tilted 98 degrees which classifies it as being in retrograde rotation. Uranus is also unique because it has the most inclined magnetic field. The surface magnetic field is 74 percent that of the earth. The surface gravity on Uranus is 8.87 m/s².
For centuries humans looked up at the sky and wondered where we came from and why we are here. It was this fascination that lead scientists and philosophers to explore the Universe for answers. Over time these answers varied depending on what religion, ideas and technology was available to them. Some believed in an Aristotelian Universe centred around the Earth where others believed in the Copernican Universe which placed our sun in the centre. Most theories were dispelled due to the religious connotations and that it went against their belief of creationism. Like with all theories the specifics of this developed over time, and there have been many countless advances since the first proposal.
Astronomic theories are known as Pre-copernican. Before Copernicus, the widely accepted astronomical theory was known as the geocentric model and was the theory that the earth is the center of the unive...
The Earth’s moon is a rare body and there are very few similar to it. NASA has sent many manned and unmanned missions to Earth’s moon in order to answer the many questions they have about its composition and how it got there. The data that these missions yielded helped astronomers to develop these five theories:
Solar nebula is a rotating flattened disk of gas and dust in which the outer part of the disk became planets while the center bulge part became the sun. Its inner part is hot, which is heated by a young sun and due to the impact of the gas falling on the disk during its collapse. However, the outer part is cold and far below the freezing point of water. In the solar nebula, the process of condensation occurs after enough cooling of solar nebula and results in the formation into a disk. Condensation is a process of cooling the gas and its molecules stick together to form liquid or solid particles. Therefore, condensation is the change from gas to liquid. In this process, the gas must cool below a critical temperature. Accretion is the process in which the tiny condensed particles from the nebula begin to stick together to form bigger pieces. Solar nebular theory explains the formation of the solar system. In the solar nebula, tiny grains stuck together and created bigger grains that grew into clumps, possibly held together by electrical forces similar to those that make lint stick to your clothes. Subsequent collisions, if not too violent, allowed these smaller particles to grow into objects ranging in size from millimeters to kilometers. These larger objects are called planetesimals. As planetesimals moved within the disk and collide with one another, planets formed. Because astronomers have no direct way to observe how the Solar System formed, they rely heavily on computer simulations to study that remote time. Computer simulations try to solve Newton’s laws of motion for the complex mix of dust and gas that we believe made up the solar nebula. Merging of the planetesimals increased their mass and thus their gravitational attraction. That, in turn, helped them grow even more massive by drawing planetesimals into clumps or rings around the sun. The process of planets building undergoes consumption of most of the planetesimals. Some survived planetesimals form small moons, asteroids, and comets. The leftover Rocky planetesimals that remained between Jupiter and Mars were stirred by Jupiter’s gravitational force. Therefore, these Rocky planetesimals are unable to assemble into a planet. These planetesimals are known as asteroids. Formation of solar system is explained by solar nebular theory. A rotating flat disk with center bulge is the solar nebula. The outer part of the disk becomes planets and the center bulge becomes the sun.
As these theories are produced
Pluto is small compared to the other planets. Pluto is about half the size of the next smallest planet, Mercury. However, there is no scientific reason whatsoever to pick the size of Mercury as being the size of the smallest object to be called a planet. Mercury itself is less than half the size of Mars, and Mars is only about half the size of Earth or Venus. Earth and Venus are only about one-seventh the size of Jupiter.
There are five basic theories in the formation of our moon. The first is the "fission theory" which states that the moon was once a part of earth, but separated a long time ago. The second theory is called the "capture theory". This theory is says that the moon formed somewhere else, and was "captured" by earths gravitational pull. The third theory is called the "condensation theory" this theory states that the moon and earth were condemned together from the original nebula that formed our solar system. The fourth theory called the "Colliding Planetesimals Theory" states that the interaction between the earth orbiting the sun, and the sun orbiting planetesimals, which are large Astroid like rocks, led to the breakup and formation of our moon from the debris of these planetesimals. The fifth and final theory is called ...
Core/Interior: The Earth has three layers to it's interior, the inner core, outer core, and mantle. Of these the outer core is thought to be liquid. Like most of the terrestrial planets at birth, the Earth has been molten and undergone some differentiation allowing the heavy material which is consisting mostly of an iron, nickel, and cobalt core making it's density five and a half times the density of water.
Our solar system, as we see it today, originally formed from the collapse of a very cold and low-density cloud of gas. The mass of this cloud was composed of 98% hydrogen and helium, 1.4% hydrogen compounds, .4% rock, and .2% metal. The nebula was thought to be a few light years across and was roughly spherical in shape. The cloud was in a state of balance, it was neither contracting or expanding, until a cataclysmic event, most likely a supernova, created a shock wave through the nebula, resulting in an area of higher mass. Once this area became more massive than the rest of the nebula it begin to collapse with the area of hig...
Mercury is the first planet closest to the Sun. It is the smallest planet in the solar system. Mercury rotates three times in two of its years. One of Mercury's days is equal to 176 Earth days because its rotation is very slow. What is weird is that its day is longer than its year. Mercury’s year is about 88 earth days the shortest in the solar system. It has the shortest year because it is closest to the Sun.
A scientific theory is an explanation that is well- substantiated explanation in regards to some aspect of the natural world that is attained through scientific method and is tested numerous times and usually confirmed through vigorous observation and experimentation. The term theory can be seen as a collection of laws which allow you to show some kind of phenomenon. The strength of a scientific theory associated with the diversity of phenomena can explain its elegance and simplicity. However when new evidence is gathered a scientific theory can be changed or even rejected if it does not fit the new findings, in such cases a more accurate theory is formed. Scientific theories are used to gain further