Forensic Science is a application of a natural science which draws upon the principle and methods of all traditional science such as physics, chemistry , biology and mathematics in legal system. Forensic science include forensic medicine, odontology, anthropology, psychiatry, forensic toxicology, forensic radiology, forensic engineering. Forensic medicine deal with the medical science. It determine the manner and cause of death of an individual. Forensic odontology is the application of dentistry. It is used in mass disaster where bodies cannot be recognize. It also analyze and compare bitemark evidence in various cases. Forensic anthropology deal with the person skeletel remains , toxicology deals with the toxic substance in human body such as toxic chemicals in bodies, death of a person by poison. This forensic toxicology help us to know about the toxic substance or chemical or poison which has been used to kill the person. Forensic radiology is the application of radiology in order to identify the injuries by bullets, bombs and other such object. Forensic psychology deals with the mental element of a person ,( why he has done the crime)also help in evaluation of psychiatric condition of an individual and his action in relation to crime. Forensic engineering help in determining and reconstructing in accidents, disaster. In administration of criminal justice system scientific knowledge is recognized as useful. Forensic science plays an important role. In India it started in around 1960. Now forensic science and its technique plays an important part in Indian legal system. Judges are taking help of forensic science technique to punish the criminals. Nowdays forensic science is not only used in criminal matters but also used ... ... middle of paper ... ...rom prosecution side and the argument put by him is not understand by the defendant and he is not able to counter this lead to conviction. So to avoid that and to go with the principle of fairness, defendant should also have expert who can counter to prosecution. The purpose of criminal justice system is to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt and for this purpose forensic evidence has apparently played a major role. But looking at the present scenario, it can be observed that the basic purpose or rather the advantage of forensic evidence over other evidences seem to have been rendered as defeated. As the certainty, which was offered by such evidence is not fully reliable and has been construed wrongly by the courts. Hence it can be observed from above mention points that forensic science has failed in providing a better administration of criminal justice system.
Forensic anthropology is adapted from forensic science and anthropology. Anthropology studies how an entire culture lived its life. It also pertains to the skeletal remains of a person, in order to obtain historical data on the individual
Forensic Psychology is a specialized practice by psychologists in areas of clinical psychology, counseling psychology, school psychology, and neuropsychology. You will be engaged regularly as an expert and primarily proposed to offer professional psychological expertise to the judicial system.
Therefore, the criminal justice system relies on other nonscientific means that are not accepted or clear. Many of forensic methods have implemented in research when looking for evidence, but the methods that are not scientific and have little or anything to do with science. The result of false evidence by other means leads to false testimony by a forensic analyst. Another issue with forensic errors is that it is a challenge to find a defense expert (Giannelli, 2011). Defense experts are required to help the defense attorneys defend and breakdown all of the doubts in the prosecutors scientific findings in criminal cases. Scientific information is integral in a criminal prosecution, and a defense attorney needs to have an expert to assist he/she in discrediting the prosecution (Giannelli,
Whereas the real picture of forensic evidence is unlike what is represented in movies and television shows where a fingerprint or a trace of hair is found, then it’s game over for the criminal. Reality is not as straightforward. As more people are exposed to the unreal forensic world through television and media the likeliness for a wrong conviction increases with juries assuming the evidence involves more science than what it really does, this is known as the CSI Effect. Further education and training is needed for the people of the court, the forensic specialists, and so called experts. The people in courts do not question any of the ‘professionals’ and just trust in their expertise. The court could overcome this perception by requiring explanation of error rates in a forensic field. To do this, testing examiner error rates will be necessary which means further research. Forensic science has such a large effect on the prosecution of suspects, experts have been known to provide questionable and at times incorrect evidence. When a false conviction occurs the true perpetrator is set free. Once realized, the public doubts the justice system and the reliability of the forensic evidence even more. At this point in time, forensic is an inexact
Forensic science is a broad term for a series of tests that forensic scientists run to potentially identify a perpetrator. Law enforcement uses these tests results, if allowed in court, to put said perpetrator behind bars. Common methods that forensic scientists use to determine this are fingerprint, hair and blood analysis. Fingerprint analysis is the case in which a fingerprint is left at a crime scene and law enforcement hope to trace it back to a database to get a match of a former criminal who maybe tied into the case. Hair analysis is when forensic scientists find a strand of hair most likely from the back of the neck which is then transported to the laboratory to be tested on for its measurement on its mineral availability. Lastly blood
This paper discusses the effect of forensic use of DNA technology and importance of using this technology. Due to the increasing rate of violent, The forensic use of DNA technology is essential in this search, hence, this technology enhances the search for truth by helping the police and prosecutors in the fight against crime. Through the use of DNA evidence, prosecutors are usually able to prove the defendant guilt. Some DNA evidence, such as fingerprint evidence offers prosecutors essential new tools for identifying and apprehending some of the most violent perpetrators, mostly in sexual assault cases.
Forensics Anthropology is the study that goes beyond the human skeleton. A forensics anthropologist can find out. How a person lived, the food that person ate, and the overall make-up of a human. The use of forensics has grown in recent years, it is used to solve crimes and locate missing persons. Snow, (1982) Forensics anthropology is not a new science. The first case forensics anthropology was used on was the Jezebel case, dating back to the nineteenth century. This case involved a person, who was thrown from a window. Snow, (1982) The remains found in this case were the skull, feet, and the palm of the victim’s hands.
Forensic Science, is defined as “the application of science to the criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system (Saferstein, 2013).” Analysis of footwear characteristics, impressions, and track ways can provide important evidence in a crime scene investigation.
Sherlock Holmes is a pioneer for establishing modern scientific methods for the criminal justice system. . His science of deduction method has motivated forensic investigation and the development of forensic evidence labs for the criminal justice system. Forensic evidence is the application of science to the examination of physical evidence related to the investigation of a crime scene and a crime or criminal activity. During the 19th century, the British criminal justice system lacked a court of appeals, which lacked the physical evidence and data to convict criminals without bias and judgments. The lack of a court of appeals and correct legal enforcement called attention for efficient and systematic procedures to rectify London`s criminal
• “Given the constraints of the legal system and the complexity of forensic science, more work is needed before the communication of forensic science can be considered optimal”(Howes). • “Clear communication about forensic science is essential to the effectiveness and perceived trustworthiness of the criminal justice system”(Howes). • “…errors were introduced by prosecution lawyers in closing, and tended not to be challenged by defense lawyers who seldom had access to their own expert scientists”(Howes). Evaluation: The fact the miscommunication or misunderstanding of forensic evidence can affect the outcome of a court case is very important.
We do have known what forensics is. Forensics that we know is an application of various sciences to answer questions that are important to legal system in which it may be related to a crime. Forensics generallu covering something or methods of a scientific nature and also the rules established from the facts of the event, to do an introduction to physical evidence. This is just a usual forensics. Nowadays, forensics is not just like that, digital devices are everywhere today, helping people to communicate with other people globally, not just between town. We can use that to do some forensics thing too, and find the evidence. It is called Digital Forensics.
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
With criminals conducting clever and well thought out plans, forensic science is now become an essential tool for investigating crime scenes. With new technological advancements, it should be thought that this form of evidence is the only most reliable source there is. But many have said otherwise. It is a technique that is used to convict a criminal as well as protecting the innocent. The many skills and areas of forensics help the reliability of an investigation as each expert area are assigned professionally.
As far back as 1832, James Marsh was the first to use forensics at trial to give evidence as a chemist in 1832. Since that time forensic science and evidence has come a long way in various ways and technology to help in determine if the suspect is guilt or not, through such things as DNA testing, blood, and fingerprints. The first forensic police crime lab was created in 1910. The contributions of Dr. Edmond Locard, a French scientist and criminologist, proposed that “everything leaves a trace”. This principle is still valid today as it was so many years ago. No matter how small, the specialized trained technicians and investigators can take these methods and go to a crime scene to get evidence. “Forensic science is the application of sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, computer science and engineering to matters of law.” (Office of Justice, 2017) These different sciences can help achieve and assist in solving a case. Forensic science has also the ability to prove that a crime was committed, it can find the elements of the crime, it can help place the suspect at the scene and whether the suspect had any contact with the victim. However, in the last several years the techniques and with the use of technology the evidence that forensic science uncovers can also exonerate an innocent individual who has been falsely accused of the
“The word ‘forensics’ means “connected with the courtroom”; so forensic science is, therefore, concerned with gathering hard evidence that can be presented in a trial” (Innes 9). Forensic science is a science that is applied specifically to legal matters, whether criminal or civil. “Few areas in the realm of science are as widespread and important as forensic science” (Hunter 12). Forensics is the one science that is most commonly used in everyday life. It is also a branch of science that incorporates other branches of science such as biology, chemistry, and etc. Since it is used almost every day “No one can dispute the importance of the contributions to society made by forensic science; the ability to solve crime is undeniably important” (Hunter 13). Forensic science has given criminal investigation a new edge. “Advances in science have opened the door for more effective evidence discovery, howev...