Foreign Language Essay

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Foreign Language Essay

Innehållsförteckning

Innehållsförteckning 2

Inledning 3

Sammanfattning 4

Allmänt 5

Japans industriella 6

struktur

Faktorer som bidragit 11

till Japans framgångar

Jämförelse mellan 14

Sverige och Japan

Källförteckning 18

Bilaga 19

Inledning

Sverige är nu i en djup lågkonjunktur, med massor av "sparpaket". Därför tyckte jag att det skulle vara intressant att titta på just en av världens största och starkaste marknadseko­nomier och se vad som skiljer den mot Sverige. Jag valde inte USA utan Japan som kommer lite i skymundan mot den stora jätten i Väst.

Jag kommer att ta upp lite om företagsstruktur d v s om de är konglomerat eller ej, stort eller litet o s v. Sedan tänkte jag ta upp lite om inställningen till arbete hos japanerna, d v s hur deras tra­ditioner är i förhållande till arbetet.

På det här sättet tänkte jag påvisa vad som gör Japan till en rela­tivt solid ekonomi. Jag vill också visa vad som gjort att Japan har haft så otroliga framgångar speciellt efter andra världskriget.

Sammanfattning

Japan är ett relativt litet land, men ändå har det utvecklat en väl­digt stark ekonomi. Bristen på tillgångar och det isolerade läget har lett till att japanerna måste ha en effektiv handel över grän­serna.

Japan har ett välutvecklat industridepartement som samarbetar dagligen med industrin och fungerar som ett samordnings- och rådgivningsorgan.

De stora industrigrupperna står för hälften av Japans förädlings­värde, men bara ca 1/5 av sysselsättningen. Detta beror främst på att industrigrupperna tillämpar livstidsanställning och seniori­tets­systemet vilka är mycket kostsamma, men ger många fördelar bl a effektiva arbetare. Industrigrupperna samarbetar med små- och medelstora företag, de hjälper dem med bl a finansiering och råd­givning. I gengäld arbetar de mindre företagen lojalt för de stora och blir som ett slags säkerhetsområde för dem.

De flesta japanerna sparar för en oviss framtid, därför att de ej har någon speciell social trygghet genom staten, endast en folk­pension på ca 3816 kr/månad. Genom detta sparande blir ban­kerna enormt kapitalstarka och därför är just de 4 största banker­na i världen ja­panska. Det genomsnittliga sparkapitalet för en japansk familj är ca 354 000 kr. Deras marginalskatt är endast ca 10% vilket moti­verar övertidsarbete och mer sparande, därför arbetar japanerna ca 6 h mer än t ex européer.

Det finns många faktorer som har bidragit till Japans framgångar framför allt efter andra världskriget bl a den stabila ställningen in­ternationellt, den effektiva inrikespolitiken, näringssystemet, styr­ningen av företagen och de effektiva arbetarna.

Jämför man Sverige och Japan så är det, det lite större landet med 8 miljoner inv. mot det lilla landet med en enorm befolkning på 125 miljoner.

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