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Florence Kelley, a United States social worker and reformer, delivered a speech (July 22, 1905) to the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Philadelphia regarding child labor and the voting rights of workingmen. She argued that Americans should vote to change child labor laws, as well as suggesting Americans should in fact, enlist workingmen voters to have a functionable society. By addressing the laws and problematic situations occurring inside of labor factories, Kelley accentuates how unethical children are being treated . She is speaking to the people of Philadelphia that are listening to her at the convention, since her speech has a possibility to make a difference. Kelley is successful in developing her argument for people
Kelley uses an anaphora to illustrate the harsh working conditions the laborers deal with. “The children make our shoes…robbed them” (lines 66-77). By description of children having to experience dreadful working all night, and how her audience is allowed to sleep, she creates a feeling of guilt for the children that are forced to work. The anaphora narrates the struggle that the children were experiencing. Right after she uses the anaphora , Kelley explains that the burden of factory work has robbed the children of their school life, using sympathy and guilt to establish that children are suffering in order to persuade Americans to vote for the purpose of modifying laws. Lines 18-22, Kelley emphasizes this, “Tonight while we sleep, several thousand little girls will be working in textile mills, all through the night…..ribbons for us to buy.” she also hints that the lack of sleep young worker receive has a high possibility of causing developmental problems that will affect them for the remainder of their lives. Kelley asks if mothers and teachers voting would make a difference (lines 55-59), she asks this because she implies that their votes can make the intense child labor come to a permanent halt. Her speech serves its purpose and is effective because of her examples she uses and the pathos she establishes by making her audience feel guilty.Kelley applies logos into her
She wanted to change the law for the unfairness of the children. The text states, “They would march the mill children all the way to the president of the United States-Theodore Roosevelt.” (Josephson, 6). The author explains what she is planning to do to hopefully change the mind of President Roosevelt. The author writes, “Their bodies were bone-thin, with hollow chests.” …”’some with their hands off, some with the thumb missing, some with their fingers off at the knuckles’ - victims of mill accidents.” (Josephson, 5). This means that the children weren’t being fed properly and they were injured while working. Some of the children lost body parts because the job was too
During the early 20th century in the U.S, most children of the lower and middle class were workers. These children worked long dangerous shifts that even an adult would find tiresome. On July 22, 1905, at a convention of the National Woman Suffrage Association in Philadelphia, Florence Kelley gave a famous speech regarding the extraneous child labor of the time. Kelley’s argument was to add laws to help the workers or abolish the practice completely. Kelley uses pathos to highlight the need for change and diction get her point across to the audience.
In Florence Kelley’s 1905 speech to the Philadelphia convention of the National American Women Suffrage Association, she accentuates the obligatory need to reform the working conditions for young children.
Throughout Kelley’s speech, she utilizes imagery to help prove her view that child labor is wrong. She points out that while “we sleep” there are “several thousand little girls… working in the textile mills, all the night through, in the deafening noise of the spindles and the looms spinning and weaving cotton and wool.” The listener of the speech can visualize the dreadful scene in which thousands of little girls are working in the textile mills. This imagery evokes a sense of sorrow from the listener. Also, the word “deafening” adds to the listener’s understanding that not only are young children working, but they are working dangerous and dreadful jobs. She also depicts an image of a girl who “ on her thirteenth birthday” could work from “ six at night until six in the morning.” This detail suggests that there is little happiness in the lives of these young children
Kelley uses the logic brought up by such questions to emphasize how giving women the right to vote is a good vote can help end child labor. Another example of this is her description of a little girl who, “on her thirteenth birthday, could start away from her home at half past five in the afternoon, carrying her pail of midnight luncheon”. The emphasis on the innocence of children portrays the pity and sympathy that the audience should feel. She creates a scenario that seems much too real when she says “The children make our shoes in the shoe factories; they knit our stockings, our knitted underwear.
She was now getting into the field of labor agitation and would change America forever. In 1903, she organized a march in which children, mutilated from their jobs, marched the streets to the home of Theodore Roosevelt in order to draw attention to the grueling and wicked child labor laws. “Federal laws against child labor would not come for decades, but for two months that summer, Mother Jones, with her street theater and speeches, made the issue front-page news.” This shows how after several attempts from previous progressive reformers, Jones was the only one whose protests were powerful and effective enough to open people’s eyes to the issues. A reason that Jones had become so effective was that of her exploration and observations. She frequently visited factories to observe the cruel working conditions in which people worked in and interviewed workers to get a feel for them and understand the brutality of the work. She stated herself that because of rough conditions, “The brain is so crushed as to be incapable of thinking, and one who mingles with these people soon discovers that their minds like their bodies are wrecked. Loss of sleep and loss of rest gives rise to abnormal appetites, indigestion, shrinkage of statue, bent backs and aching hearts.” By examining workplaces, she was able to gather empathy and sympathy for the workers who were suffering.
Leonora M. Barry was born in County Cork, Ireland, on August 13th, 1849. She was raised by her parents, John and Honor Granger Kearney (en.wikipedia.org). Leonora lost her mother at an early age and faced many family hardships. But, she persevered and became a school teacher at the age of 15. In 1880, Leonora’s husband died and she was left to raise three children alone. Leonora needed money so she got a job in a factory where she worked for two years. The factory was a miserable place to work with terrible hourly wages. However, she needed the money to support her family. In 1884, Leonora Barry joined the Knights of Labor and campaigned to abolish child labor. Leonora was elected to travel to different factories and record her observations of poor working conditions in factories for women. She traveled to the biggest industrial cities. This task prompted Leonora to write “Organizing Women Workers.” () Leonora was also prompted to write the article by her personal beliefs and views. She had worked in a factory for two years making no more than 65 cents in her first week but she pushed through and stuck with that factory job for two years (www.patheos.com).
The first four stanzas are a conversation between the mother and daughter. The daughter asks for permission to attend a civil rights march. The child is a unique one who believes that sacrificing something like “play[ing]” for a march that can make a difference will be worthwhile (2). However, the mother understands that the march is not a simple march, but a political movement that can turn violent. The mother refuses the child’s request, which categorizes the poem as a tragedy because it places the child in the chur...
In Florence Kelley's speech to the people attending the NAWSA convention, she uses emotional appeal to motivate her audience to convince their male counterparts to legalize voting for women, and also to persuade the males to help put an end to child labor.
She shows the jobs young girls do in the factories, “They spin… they weave… They stamp” By showing a list of work the young girls do, Kelley appeals to her audience’s emotional sense in order to deliver message of dissolving child labor. She also uses rhetorical questions followed by solutions in order to question what must be done and how to do it. She states, “what can we do to free our consciousness?... we can enlist the workingmen… to free the children”. By doing this, Kelley forcefully suggests that her audience consciousness are enslaved with the idea of child labor. She states her and her audience must solve the problem with unity to enlist the workingmen on the jobs. This gets back to to Kelley’s purpose of destroying child labor. By offering
After the success of antislavery movement in the early nineteenth century, activist women in the United States took another step toward claiming themselves a voice in politics. They were known as the suffragists. It took those women a lot of efforts and some decades to seek for the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. In her essay “The Next Generation of Suffragists: Harriot Stanton Blatch and Grassroots Politics,” Ellen Carol Dubois notes some hardships American suffragists faced in order to achieve the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Along with that essay, the film Iron-Jawed Angels somehow helps to paint a vivid image of the obstacles in the fight for women’s suffrage. In the essay “Gender at Work: The Sexual Division of Labor during World War II,” Ruth Milkman highlights the segregation between men and women at works during wartime some decades after the success of women suffrage movement. Similarly, women in the Glamour Girls of 1943 were segregated by men that they could only do the jobs temporarily and would not able to go back to work once the war over. In other words, many American women did help to claim themselves a voice by voting and giving hands in World War II but they were not fully great enough to change the public eyes about women.
Women throughout the suffrage act were faced with many challenges that eventually led into the leading roles of women in the world today. Suffrage leaders adopted new arguments to gain new support. Rather than insisting on the justice of women’s suffrage, or emphasizing equal rights, they spoke of the special moral and material instincts women could bring to the table. Because of these women taking leaps and boundaries, they are now a large part of America’s government, and how our country operates.
Led by Clara Lemlich, 20,000 immigrants, mostly young women, demanded a twenty percent pay raise, a fifty-two hour workweek, and a closed shop (59). Their cause gained a significant amount of attention and caught the eye of wealthy progressive reformers, such as Alva Belmont and Anne Morgan, who perceived the strike as an opportunity to also advocate their own objective: women’s suffrage. Wealthy elites like Carnegie and Sumner may have believed that efforts to change the natural order are futile, but Morgan claimed that after learning about the details of the strike, she and other women wouldn’t be able to live their lives “without doing something to help them” (72). These affluent women demonstrated their support from both sides of the spectrum, from modestly distributing ribbons and buttons, to Alva Belmont’s contribution of her several cars to a parade for the striking workers (682) and the pledge of her mansion as surety for the bail of four strikers (76). Without the aid of these women, it was doubtful the strikers “could have lasted much longer without progressive money” (70). However, frustration arose amongst picketers as these progressive reformers turned a strike based on class struggle into a “broader feminist revolt” (68). Morgan blamed the strikers’ treatment on the inability for women to vote, not their inability to unionize (67). Striker’s retorted, asking
This impactful photograph is the result of an emphasis placed upon the appearance, situation, and story of a young girl. The Carolina Cotton Mill tells the tale of hardships faced by child laborers. Sadie Pfeiffer became a representative for all children who were forced to mature sooner than should have been expected of them. In the final analysis, Hine provided the world with an illustration that spoke of the challenges faced by America’s children and prompted awareness of the inhumanity that was child
...18), are all metaphors for what their life should be, not what they have been condemned to. In waking, Tom finds comfort in his dream and is finally at peace with his forced existence. “And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark, /And got with our bags & our brushes to work” (21-22). Reality has returned, the dark is back but a newfound acceptance and hope has replaced the despair. “Tom was happy & warm; / So if all do their duty they need not fear harm”, (23-24). These lines infer that there is still hope that society will see the error of their ways and put an end to their suffering and if not, they will be released to a better place in death. Society will someday realize that what they robbed these children of was immoral and wrong and they will stop the injustice and put an end to child labor.