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The status of woman in Indian society
Issues that native american women face
The status of woman in Indian society
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The First Nations women of North America lead a very interesting and complex life. Most of their lives spent as an object of slavery and viewed as a non-person with no rights or feelings. This varied from tribe to tribe depending on social organization, politically, ceremonially, agriculturally, geography, and mythology. In tribes that the government principles reflect on the character of Gods, women were highly esteemed and had some measure of authority. In tribes that the government was based on clan organization. The Gods believed women were supreme being the foundation of tribal society. These principles brought peace harmony and prosperity to those communities. However, these special statuses of women belonged only to a small group. Other women received no consideration, respect, or value to the tribe. All the labor required for the home, work place and community fell into the responsibilities of women. Some other jobs included tanning of skins, weaving fabrics, food preparation for winter use, drying and smoking the meat, and making clothes, mats, and baskets. As the man role was to lead the tribe, manage his family, hunt, and fight. One special status as that women held is the key to the reproduction of life and therefore the sowing and cultivating the crops was exclusively theirs.
In the Native group, Kutchin, a group of Athaascan tribes in Alaska and British Columbia. The Kutchin is a prime example of how the Native American women were badly treated. If they were to go to war, they were willing to massacre all of their women except a couple young females for wives for the reproduction of the tribe. Women were forced to do all the hard work in camps, and had no voice in family or tribal affairs except when selecting a husband for their daughter or daughters. It was compensatory that the women ate after the men were done eating. They were also required to manufacture weapons, cooking, cleaning, fishing, and building the community. Without adequate shelter or food for themselves. Besides all the bad times, they experienced many happy and fun times. Below shows what their rhythmical dances looked like:
However, even through they had some good times of dancing and playing games, most of the Native American tribes agreed on one thing and is stated clearly in the resource book, The Indians of Canada, and proves that they were brutally mistreated:
"The hardships the women suffer, induce them, too often to let the female infants die, as soon as born; and they look upon it as an act of kindness to them.
Policing is a very difficult, complex and dynamic field of endeavor that is always evolves as hard lessons teach us what we need to know about what works and what don’t work. There are three different Era’s in America’s policing: The Political Era, The Reform Era, and The Community Problem Solving Era. A lot has changed in the way that policing works over the years in the United States.
Women, like black slaves, were treated unequally from the male before the nineteenth century. The role of the women played the part of their description, physically and emotionally weak, which during this time period all women did was took care of their household and husband, and followed their orders. Women were classified as the “weaker sex” or below the standards of men in the early part of the century. Soon after the decades unfolded, women gradually surfaced to breathe the air of freedom and self determination, when they were given specific freedoms such as the opportunity for an education, their voting rights, ownership of property, and being employed.
There is a belief that before European Contact Indigenous women had a huge role of leadership and responsibilities along with the men. After European Contact Indigenous women had very minimal rights. Men were considered their social, legal and political masters if you will. If a women had an argument or suggestion to discuss with the tribe or council she must discuss the issue through her husband, for her husband to later mention the issue. To this day this affects Indigenous women with trying to get their views back to what it once was. European contact resulted in Indigenous women not having the equality that they had before. Indigenous women are working hard with protesting and trying to win their equality
Despite the decreasing inequalities between men and women in both private and public spheres, aboriginal women continue to be oppressed and discriminated against in both. Aboriginal people in Canada are the indigenous group of people that were residing in Canada prior to the European colonization. The term First Nations, Indian and indigenous are used interchangeably when referring to aboriginal people. Prior to the colonization, aboriginal communities used to be matrilineal and the power between men and women were equally balanced. When the European came in contact with the aboriginal, there came a shift in gender role and power control leading towards discrimination against the women. As a consequence of the colonization, the aboriginal women are a dominant group that are constantly subordinated and ignored by the government system of Canada. Thus today, aboriginal women experiences double jeopardy as they belong to more than one disadvantaged group i.e. being women and belonging to aboriginal group. In contemporary world, there are not much of a difference between Aboriginal people and the other minority groups as they face the similar challenges such as gender discrimination, victimization, and experiences injustice towards them. Although aboriginal people are not considered as visible minorities, this population continues to struggle for their existence like any other visible minorities group. Although both aboriginal men and women are being discriminated in our society, the women tends to experience more discrimination in public and private sphere and are constantly the targeted for violence, abuse and are victimized. In addition, many of the problems and violence faced by aborigin...
Offred is a handmaid, in the novel The Handmaid’s Tale written by Margaret Atwood, who no longer desired to rebel against the government of Gilead after they separated her from her family. When Offred was taken away from her family the Government of Gilead placed her in an institution known as the Red Center where they trained her along with other women unwillingly to be handmaids. The handmaid’s task was to repopulate the society because of the dramatic decrease in population form lack of childbirth. Handmaids are women who are put into the homes of the commanders who were unable to have kids with their own wives. The Handmaids had very little freedom and were not allowed to do simple tasks by themselves or without supervision like taking baths or going to the store. There was an uprising against the government of Gilead and many people who lived in this society including some handmaids looked for a way to escape to get their freedom back which was taken away from them and to reunited with their families which they lost contact with. Offred was one of the handmaids who was against the government of Gilead before she was put in the Red Center, but she joined the uprising after she became a
However, Brown claims on how gender roles and identities shaped the perceptions and interactions of both English settlers and the Native American civilizations. Both Indian and English societies have critical social orders between males and females. In addition, their culture difference reflexes to the English and Indian males and females’ culpabilities as well. However, the Indian people put too much responsibility to their women. Women were in charge as agriculturalists, producers and customers of vital household goods and implements. They were also in control for providing much of the material culture of daily needs such as clothing, domestic gears and furnishings like baskets, bedding and household building. Native American females were expected to do a range of tasks. On the other hand, the Indian men only cleared new planting ground and constantly left the villages to fish and hunt. Clearly, Native Indian women had more tasks than the men did. Therefore, Indian males’ social and work roles became distinctive from females’ at the moment of the huskanaw (a rite of passage by which Virginia Indian boys became men) and reminded so until the men were too old to hunt or go to war. English commentator named George Percy underlines, “The men take their pleasure in hunting and their wares, which they are in continually”. “On the other hand the women were heavily burdened with”, says other commentator, John Smith. Gender is directly referential in an important sense, describing how sexual division was understood in the social order. Consequently, Native American people prescribed the gender social practice that women should be loaded with range of liabilities than the
Women that took the trip west with their families were used to doing things by hand. They spun thread and made clothing, did the cooking and the cleaning but most importantly they did the child rearing. These women were always busy and sometimes they spun thread much into the evening. "I remember a neighbor lady who picked up her knitting and knitted a few rounds at her own husbands funeral, she was so used to keeping busy." ("Associated Content by Yahoo") These women kept their values and duties with them on the trip west. Women did most of the things they did back home during the journey. They cooked every meal and gathered food, took care of the children and also collected wood and buffalo chips as fuel for fire. Women learned how to cook things like biscuits and beans over an open fire, in order to adapt to always traveling. The weather made many things difficult there was dust, rain, and hail; because of this goods often got wet and sometimes they didn't have time to put up a tent to cook under. "In the morning our first domestic annoyance occurred. The women cook refused point blank to go any further...Here was a dilemma!...Having been reared in a slave state culinary education had been neglected and I had yet to make my first cup of coffee." ("Associated Content by Yahoo") This quote shows that women had to adapt but no where in the quotation was a complaint. It was common for women to do some of the men's work at times. "Albert is not well today, so I drove. I was very sleepy while driving, went to sleep a multitude of times, to awaken with a start fancying we were running into gullies." ("Associated Content by Yahoo") Some women had to endure the journey while with child, many women gave birth along the trai...
Before the war handmaids had their own lives, families, and jobs but that’s all gone now; They have all been separated from their families and assigned to A Commander and his wife to have their child. Handmaids did not choose this life but it was forced upon them. The society which Offred is forced to live in shaped her in many ways. In The Handmaid's Tale, Margaret Atwood uses cultural and geographical surroundings to shape Offred's psychological and moral traits as she tries to survive the society that she is forced to live, in hopes that she can rebel and make
The vast amount of women who came to the New World in the earliest days of colonial settlement came as indentured servants to the Chesapeake region. The New World was underdeveloped and sparsely populated; therefore, the women were expected to not only perform their traditional female work but also engage hard manual labor. Early colonial women in some respects were allotted more freedom than women of latter generations; yet, this was not a product of ideology, but rather necessity. European men did not support the idea of equality and saw women as their inferior; however, female inferiority was minimized due to the harsh conditions affecting the entire populous of the New World.
Offred has not portrayed any heroic characteristics in The Handmaid’s Tale, through her actions of weakness, fear, and self-centredness. This novel by Margaret Atwood discusses about the group take over the government and control the Gilead’s society. In this society, all women has no power to become the leader, commander like men do. Offred is one of them, she has to be a handmaid for Serena and the Commander, Fred. Offred wants to get out of this society, that way she has to do something about it. There wasn’t any performances from her changing the society.
After Europeans got settled to maintain order they left the justices of peace in control of laws. But once they started towns started getting larger they rapidly figured out that leaving them in charge was not going to be enough to maintain order. This is when they came up with the idea of organizing areas and paying people to enforce the laws. In 1636 Boston...
Kugel, Rebecca, and Lucy Eldersveld Murphy. Native women's history in eastern North America before 1900: a guide to research and writing. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
This era is where the shift from a centralized task force has gravitated to a decentralized task force, causing some friction from both the community and the officers that serve it. Police are told that they are needed to listen to the concerns for the community; however, law enforcement is still the primary goal. Police forces now have to defend the values for which the forces were built upon. The idea of problem solving has come into question with police discretion towards certain run-ins with the law. Williams and Murphy argue it is due to the lack of sensitivity from minorities and the concern on crime itself than the community. Kelling and Moore contradict Williams and Murphy, with Kelling/Moore suggesting the era is more about listening to concerns of the community and improving the citizen satisfaction. But both the article came to the conclusion of the silent underlying problems that are becoming more of a “quiet riot” with the police and the
“All over the world there exists in every society a small group of women who feel themselves strongly attracted to give care to other women during pregnancy and childbirth. Failure to make use of this group of highly motivated people is regrettable and a sin against the principle of subsidiarity.”
Since English colonizers were the first to establish an extravagant, European society in North America, it is unsurprising that many of the aspects of the American administration of justice stemmed from its mother country. In England, law enforcement was an unorganized mess until the year 1200 (Schmalleger 137). The police system remained static from 1285 to 1829, until when Sir Robert Peel instituted the modern police force (Schmalleger 139). However, early American law enforcement was bound to be different, due to the differences of American and English life and environment. In the beginning of the colonial law enforcement, towns and cities inaugurated versions of the English day ward and night watch, but these processes did not remain in place for long (Schmalleger 139).