2.6.1. 2.Fire Suppression
FAO (2011) stresses that for effective fire management, suppression measures should be employed. Fire suppression measures are activities or actions that are taken when there is a fire outbreak. These measures are meant to minimize damage to the environment, loss of property, loss of crops, loss of human lives and loss of livestock or wildlife (Mushwe, 2011). To suppress fire, there are various techniques that are mainly used in developing countries. These techniques include direct attack and indirect attack. Direct attack refers to actions done in order to cool, beat out, starve or extinguish the flames of a burning fire. The method is mainly taken in lighter fuels on the flaming edge of the fire by creating fire lines that can halt the spread of a fire (Mushwe, 2011).
Equipment or materials such as fire beaters, fire extinguishers, knapsack sprayers, fire tenders, sand buckets, water buckets and water bowsers are essential in fire suppression (Nkhensani, 2011). In some instances, a direct attack fails to achieve the desired result. This is when there are
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They also argue that there is lack of knowledge on fire suppression techniques and that these techniques mainly exist on paper than in practice. FAO (2011) blames the failure of fire suppression measures to ineffective cooperation between fire management agencies and farmers. In more advanced or developed countries, the suppression methods vary due to increased technological capacity. Although according to the National Interagency Fire Centre (2003) fire suppression is effective in developed countries especially the US, Sugihara et al. (2006) argue that in some instances these suppression measures fail to contain fire which spread and cause extensive damage to forests and
Aggression can be an outcome of numerous different factors, yet many still believe that VVGs alone are to account for growing aggression. However, if this was the case, would there not be a spike in the violent crimes committed by those who, might, play video games? Not only do the amount of homicides executed after a release of a popular video game consistently decrease (Stein), but as several researchers pointed out "90% of young males play video games. Finding that a young man who committed a
presented several cases of violent assault which could be attributed to chemical imbalances in the brain (2). For example, the video illustrated the story of David Garabedian, a quiet passive man who murdered a customer of the lawn car company where David was an employee (2). David mixed lawn chemicals in their undiluted form which caused him to experience physical and mental changes in his body (2). Dr. David Bear, a physician from Vanderbuilt Medical School who looked into Davids case, claimed organophosphates
being raised regarding the effects of video games. More particular, is the effect that violent video games may be having on children. Some critics argue that video games are direct indicators of child aggression while video game supporters argue that there is no direct link between child aggression and violent video games. While many people have their own personal stances, this issue is unique because it is unfolding everyday. Scientists and researchers all over the world are continuously doing research
children. Children’s minds are like a blank page. Television is writing violence on that page. Television violence is one of the causes of aggression and violent behavior in children. This problem is not new, but in recent years it has gotten worse. In the last few years, violence in television programs has increased greatly. A study in 2000-01 compared to a study done in 1998-99 showed that violence is, in fact, on the rise. Verbal violence, coarse language, alone increased by a staggering 78% (Lavers)
there have been studies on the issue that say otherwise. In recent years, video game violence has been taking the blame for societies violent actions. In the media, school shootings are often said to be the outcome of playing video games with violence. Twelve years ago, a massacre took place at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. On April 20 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold entered the school wearing long, black trench coats that concealed their guns. They opened fire on the school killing
Introduction Violent media influence on the attitudes and behaviour of young people has been a hot topic of debate for decades. Critics say that violence in television, movies, and video games, desensitizes children to real effects that violence has on society and themselves. The problem is that teenagers tend to act on the behaviour seen in the television shows they watch and the video games they play every day. They shoot someone in a video game and not be able to distinguish that it is morally
SEE AGGRESSION…DO AGRESSION! Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582. One of the most researched topics in the history of psychology is aggression. One goal of social scientists has been to define aggression. Some believe that aggression is biologically preprogrammed, others look toward situational factors and this study suggests that aggression is learned. This study was
Rise of the Argentine Ant Introduced Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) are rapidly displacing native ant species around the world as a result of: (1) aggression by frequently raiding, immobilizing and killing native ants, (2) less intraspecific competition due to genetic homogeneity, (3) competitive exclusion using large numbers, quick location and rapid recruitment, (4) and the absence of natural ant and parasitoid enemies. Native to Argentina, L. humile has been quickly spreading throughout
Sandor appears to show multiple symptoms of PTSD as labeled in the DSM-5 when confronted with fire. To be diagnosed with PTSD a person must meet some specific requirements. The first set of requirements is to have been “expose[d] to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more)” ways (Nolen-Hoeksema, S., 2014). Sandor directly experienced a traumatic event with fire, which led to serious injury. Half of his face was burned, giving his skin a melted appearance. Another
In the study, “Cyberbullying and its impact on young people’s emotional health and well-being” by Helen Cowie it states People who are victimized by cyberbullying experiences some effects, for example they experience social ideation and low self-esteem. They also
negative advancements to be achieved. This being said, it can be proven that advancements come with positive and negative effects. The video games of twenty-five years ago have evolved into something different and in some cases something dark. Research has shown in many cases that video games have negative effects such as: increased aggressive behavior, desensitization, and poor physical heath on adolescents. Many researches also think part of the problem arises because adolescents do not receive
and today we may be living in the most peaceable era in the existence of our species.” If natural violence, the feeling of being urged to physically harm someone that exists by itself without being controlled, were truly innate, this would not be the case; especially since population has grown exponentially in the past century alone. If violent nature was truly apart of human character and was engraved in our genes, society, as we know it would cease to exist. Rather then this occurring, raw data has
been, and even today still aren’t, a completely accepted mode of recreation. These games have caused a large amount of controversy, dating back to one of the first games to come under fire back in the mid-1970s. The problem that certain groups in society saw with video games exploded with one of the more famous cases where a video game was brought to court over its contents in the early 1990s with the introduction of Mortal Kombat, one of the first household games that included blood. Even today,
contrast and convey the psychological and sociological elements involved within individuals that render them predisposed towards criminal behaviour. Studies show that there’s been an increasing interest in examining the relationship of biological and psychological factors involved in criminal behaviour (Newburn, 2007). Psychoanalysis is the study of the mind. It was development to help society understand individuals’ behaviour and what makes them commit criminal acts. Psychoanalysis is
Once that a juvenile needs to be interviewed in regards to the investigation of a fire the interview should be done in a quiet area or room free of noise, distractions, and interruptions. One mindset of the juvenile fire setter is to demonstrate that authority figures have no impact on them and will demonstrate a “bad attitude”. The ability to annoy and frustrate an investigator is rewarding to them. One way to counteract this tactic is to ignore it as best as possible. The investigator needs to