<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites
The role of government in facilitating transport projects is inevitable. But governments are monopolists and largely cannot be trusted with the efficient allocation of resources, not to mention the problem of corruption. So, the less the state is involved the better off everyone is.
Transport has gone a full circle. Until the beginning of the 17th century it was largely privately financed. The state took over until the last two decades of the twentieth century. And now there is a revival of the involvement of the private sector in financing infrastructure. Additionally, transport has become a commodity and is securitized, as we shall see.
All social (or public) goods carry social costs and bring on negative externalities (such as environmental damage). Embedded in every public good there is a moral hazard - others bear a disproportionate part of the costs while the perpetrators go "free". This is why accurate statistics, forecasting and cost benefit analysis systems are a must. I am not talking only about cost coverage calculations but also about finding ways to impose on the users of transport infrastructure the real costs of their actions. This is known today as "user pays" charging schemes. But to do so, the state needs to know what ARE these costs. This is one way of forcing the private sector to participate in t...
...on materialism and social class. While novel is widely considered a zeitgeist of the time period, it is also a warning for the American Dream. Although the Dream is not Marxist materialism, it is certainly not traditional individualism and freedom. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby poses a question: what is the American Dream?
These outcomes are determined by the community and states. At times the community supports the police officers and at times they do not which that also depends on the state and the budgeting. The police discretion can also be limited depending on economic hardship, social services agencies for youth. Another important part that plays an important role in discretion would be changes in political climate and public
Personal transportation between major metropolitan areas is conducted through a combination of railway systems and domestic highway systems. With the efficient ability for people to move across country, there are no largely unproductive regions of the country. Modern transportation infrastructure creates efficient and rapid transportation, allowing increased economic power, but they also allow for increased military power within the state. If attacked the government can move troops and equipment overland quickly and efficiently and counter and naval based threats.
I would suggest that this reversal of focus also leads the reader to address the idea of euro-centricity, which the text actively fights with its depictions of the history of Jamaica. Moreover, this is exactly what Shelly Bhoil points out in her article “The Politics of Language, Style and Theme in Raja Rao’s Kanthapur.” She states “Rao has whetted the colonizing master’s own tools such as the English language to dismantle the master’s “euro-centric” house and to renovate it so as to have space for the “natives” who are “othered” to the margins of the mainstream world-consciousness” (82) I believe that this is exactly the same idea that Cliff brings to Abeng. She does this in her rewriting of history to downplay the importance of the white settlers, while still holding onto the significance of her culture. This idea also continues into her adoption of Patois in the novel, that she can dismantle the euro-centricity by including other dialects in order to remove the centralization on formal
It has been shown that the benefits of increased investment in the public transportation sector would apply to most, if not all, Americans. Whatever monetary costs Americans would have to meet would be met, if not completely overshadowed by the amount they would save on average. Therefore, based on the evidence available, one may conclude that it is not only necessary and proper, but also urgent to pursue an active agenda towards the increased funding and research of public transportation.
Charles Dickens 's utilization of light and dark imagery to illustrate the Satis House symbolically portrays Miss Havisham’s stagnant state. Miss Havisham’s “life [is] hidden from the sun” because “daylight never enter[s] [her] house” (Dickens 303,125). All the passages are dark and “no glimpse of sunlight [is]
Miss Havisham turns out to be an elderly woman in an old bridal dress that was once white, but has now faded to pale yellow. Most objects in the house were once white actually, but had also faded. And a remarkable fact was that all the clocks were stopped exactly at 8.40 A.M. Pip later finds out that Miss Havisham was abandoned by her fiancé at the altar at that time and straight after that, she had all the clocks stopped.
Public transport is a vibrant driver which runs day to day economy of the country as it helps
Privatizing the public transport is not a good idea but it will help to improve the city transport much better and convenience to the public. The downside of this solution is rider fare will increase frequently, but the city can regulate competition between privatized in order to keep prices down for consumers while the city can save more and also people can get much better transportation
Climate change has been a big issue since the 1800s and still continues to grow today. On December 1997, countries set up an international treaty , the United Nation Framework Convention on climate change (UNFCCC) that set up a plan for how to reduce climate change.the plan was called Kyoto Protocol was set up in Kyoto, Japan.
All communities have not received the same benefits from transportation advancements and investments. Some of the governmental policies in housing, land use, environment, and transportation may have even contributed to and exacerbated social inequities. Some communities accrue benefits from transportation development projects, while other communities bear a disproportionate burden and pay cost in diminished health. Generally, benefits are more dispersed, while costs or burdens are more localized. Having a multi-lane freeway next door is not a benefit to someone who does not even own a car.
Here in the state of California, in the midst of the 2008 elections, the citizens voted to approve a $10 billion bond measure based primarily on the arguments listed above. It was initially estimated to cost a total of approximately $38 billion, and the balance after the initial $10 billion was going to come from private investment and the Federal Government. Since 2008, several factors have changed, and while the initial benefits are still desirable, our ability to achieve them in a cost efficient manner has come into doubt. The costs of such a project have skyrocketed, and the actual benefit to cost ratio has lowered significantly. The assumed private funding numbers altered dramatically, and the Federal Government has come into a deficit/money crunch of it’s own. On further analysis, the initial ridership numbers don’t seem to be accurate, as California culture is not one that appears to be ready for the shift that would be required to make such a project feasible. Also, travel times appear to be slower than alternate forms of transportation that currently exist....
In this article we are going to look at public transport via the private vehicle. There are advantages and disadvantages to both, yet routine and personal circumstances will often define which is the most appropriate to your lifestyle.
Transportation is movement of people and goods from one location to another. Throughout history, the economic wealth and military power of a people or a nation have been closely tied to efficient methods of transportation. Transportation provides access to natural resources and promotes trade, allowing a nation to accumulate wealth and power. Transportation also allows the movement of soldiers, equipment, and supplies so that a nation can wage war.
Congestion slows life down by causing massive delays, eating away at valuable time and productivity. This has become a major issue because people are stuck in traffic when they do not need to be and conditions will only continue to get worse without government intervention. Many solutions have been offered and discussed, but few have been implemented. This paper will serve to outline the economic theory behind traffic congestion, alternative policy options there are for dealing with traffic congestion, and ultimately what the best strategy is to solve this problem. The solution I propose is to price the highways accurately to achieve the optimum number of vehicles on the road.