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Discuss on the similarities and differences between human and artificial intelligences
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The following paper answers the questions to the discussion case over IBM Watson, a question answering (QA) computing system. In the first response, it discusses whether or not playing Jeopardy was a good way to test machine intelligence. In the second response, it asked if Watson is a good example of a computer system demonstrating intelligence similar to that of a human. It also asked if Watson would be useful in customer service systems and what it would take for businesses to use Watson for this purpose. In the final response, it asked for suggestions for some other applications for Watson. Machine intelligence is taking over how people get things done and most of the time it is done very efficiently. Yes, playing Jeopardy was a good way to test machine intelligence because the machine was able to look back to its database and synthesize the data to come up with an answer. The article, “How IBM’s Watson Became a Jeopardy Champion,” stated that in order for a machine to win at Jeopardy it had to be able to understand the language of a clue, register the intent of a question, scour millions of lines of human language, and return a single, precise answer, in less than three seconds (Laudon). It is awesome to be able …show more content…
Human intelligence is better than a computer system. Computer systems such as Watson are based on gathering massive evidence, analyzing, and scoring. It is just a machine. Human intelligence gathers emotion, logic, purpose, and potential. Watson cannot compare to these human characteristics, it may speak as if it was human, but it is just speaking off sequences and codes not its actual self (IBM Watson…). Human intelligence is valued much more than machine intelligence because any machine can pull up data that is asked, but when an individual provides answers, phrases, or facts without the use of technology that is
The Last Lecture was written by Randy Pausch as a way to eventually pass on his ideas, story, and beliefs to his young children via video recording after his death due to pancreatic cancer. Pausch hoped to illustrate his life's trajectory coming full circle and to wrap up his academic career as a professor at Carnegie Mellon University.
In this paper I will evaluate and present A.M. Turing’s test for machine intelligence and describe how the test works. I will explain how the Turing test is a good way to answer if machines can think. I will also discuss Objection (4) the argument from Consciousness and Objection (6) Lady Lovelace’s Objection and how Turing responded to both of the objections. And lastly, I will give my opinion on about the Turing test and if the test is a good way to answer if a machine can think.
The official foundations for "artificial intelligence" were set forth by A. M. Turing, in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" wherein he also coined the term and made predictions about the field. He claimed that by 1960, a computer would be able to formulate and prove complex mathematical theorems, write music and poetry, become world chess champion, and pass his test of artificial intelligences. In his test, a computer is required to carry on a compelling conversation with humans, fooling them into believing they are speaking with another human. All of his predictions require a computer to think and reason in the same manner as a human. Despite 50 years of effort, only the chess championship has come true. By refocusing artificial intelligence research to a more humanlike, cognitive model, the field will create machines that are truly intelligent, capable of meet Turing's goals. Currently, the only "intelligent" programs and computers are not really intelligent at all, but rather they are clever applications of different algorithms lacking expandability and versatility. The human intellect has only been used in limited ways in the artificial intelligence field, however it is the ideal model upon which to base research. Concentrating research on a more cognitive model will allow the artificial intelligence (AI) field to create more intelligent entities and ultimately, once appropriate hardware exists, a true AI.
It is evident that World War II still affects the world today, but are these repercussions the aftermath of a master plan for destruction? The Nazi Party and Hitler were the most significant characters for World War II and thus, they truly made history, however, they made it worse. Many different causes for this devastation have been concluded starting with the end of World War I and the harsh blameful Treaty of Versailles, the new found control in Germany, and the Great Depression; even though was most harmful in America, affected the world in its entirety. Are these the factors that led to the ‘Final Solution’, are these the problems that encouraged Hitler to seize the world? There were many elements prior to World War II leading to the annihilation of Jews, Hitler’s experiences in World War I greatly influenced his outlook on warfare and the Jewish, another predominate factor was the approval of building the camps and chambers in Germany, and lastly the documented intentions for the ‘Final Solution’.
In truth, and overall, I cannot say that I am very satisfied with my improvements to my ASL this semester. I think I had high expectations coming into the semester, and they were difficult in being realized. One biggest area that needs improvement is the fluency in my signing, especially concerning English mouthing. I am obviously not at all satisfied in this area. This area is one of a great mystery to me, because I have not had that much issues with English mouthing in ASL I. For example, in VJ#3 for ASL I, I did not mouth many words. I guess picking up this habit this semester or maybe not addressing the formation of this habit and being able to ignore it was due to the increase in difficulty and complexity of what was required in ASL II. Additionally, it could be because the videos for this class were done with a partner while the video journals for ASL were done by myself. I think that having an additional person, having to coordinate what we are siging, as well as having much longer notes and requirements made me have to think a lot to produce my sings. They were not the simple, “I have 2 brothers and 2 sisters” kinds of sentences. I tend to mouth more when I have to think about what I have to say. This issue is most evident in my first video journal for ASL II, where I literally mouth every word. Although it got a bit better for the second one, the habit and issue still persists as evidenced my the feedback I received from the professor. I think what hindered my improvement was actually lack of practice. Not just lack of practice, but specifically lack of practice signing with other students about topics that were not precisely covered in class. I needed more practice on spontaneity; my mastery of the...
Technology is evolving at an all time rate. Every aspect of life seems to have a machine that can do what you used to do, for you: the car that can park itself, the stairs that climb… or rather escalate for you, and too many drones flying around to count. Clive Thompson explores the ever changing world of technology and addresses the best use for technology in Smarter than You Think: How Technology Is Changing Our Minds for the Better. The author begins by proposing an intriguing question about chess: who is better at it, humans or computers? The ultimate battle of grand chess master versus supercomputer. On one hand, Thompson refers to how humans are intuitive, insightful, and can read their opponents emotionally. On the other hand, he mentions
Smarter than You Think starts out with a cautionary tale of how in 1997 world chess champion Garry Kasparov was beaten by Deep Blue, an I.B.M. supercomputer. This was a considered a milestone in artificial intelligence. If a computer could easily defeat a chess champion, what would happen to the game and its players? A year after Kasparov was defeated by the program he decided to see what would happen when a computer and person were paired up. He called this collaboration the centaur; A hybrid consisting of the algorithms and history logs of chess as well as the brain to “analyze their opponents’ strengths and weaknesses, as well as their moods.” ...
One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the imitation game, since it is basically a game in which a computer imitates a conversating human. In an analysis of the Turing Test I will focus on its features, its historical background and the evaluation of its validity and importance.
The 1960s was a period well remembered for all the civil rights movements that occurred during that time frame and the impact these movements had on the social and political dynamics of the United States. The three largest movements that were striving in the 1960s were the African American civil rights movement, the New Left movement and the feminist movement. These three movements were in a lot of ways influenced by each other and were very similar in terms of their goals and strategies. However, within each of these movements there were divisions in the way they tried to approach the issues they were fighting against. Looking at each of these movements individually will reveal the relationship they all share as well as the changes that were brought forth as a result of each groups actions.
Response to intervention, also known as RTI, is a process to aid students’ progress throughout their academics to the best of their ability. This process tries to address any learning problems or difficulties starting at a younger age. When teachers and parents are able to address any learning problems of the students during the first few years of their education, the students can be provided the best instruction in addition to intervention for their individual needs.
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
The position that computers are intelligent is supported by three points: refusing to say that computers are intelligent is prejudice towards computers, being intelligent does not mean that one must be knowledgable in all fields; being intelligent in a single area also proves to display intelligence, and there is no single qualification for intelligence; intelligence is measure...
Currently, there are AI industries developing machines that would have a positive impact on people’s jobs and lives. Studies have shown that artificial intelligence has changed the way we live and work because it motivates people to work productively in every organization. They are valuable tools that changes society for the better. According to How Robots & Algorithms Are Taking Over (2015), “While these machines cannot think, per se, they can process phenomenal amounts of data with ever-increasing speed and use… among many others” (Halpern, pg.1). Once artificial intelligence was created, they strive to imitate human behavior by thinking and acting like them to perform repetitive tasks. While teaching and training a person how to do specific tasks takes a long time, an AI machine can learn very quickly. This saves a lot of time for the organization. In addition, artificial intelligence is a social good that benefits from decision-making processes. While humans mostly makes decisions based on emotion, machines focuses on reasoning because it does what is best for the
Many people constantly ask what is the new and best technology but who is the one to make the final decision. Consumers are demanding for more but wanting less at the same time. “Companies are downsizing because technology now does a job that a person once did”(Oren, 2004). But is it appropriate to say that a human can be replaced by a computer? I believe that not all humans will be replaced by a computer, but I do think that a computer will be able to do many of the same things that a human can already do. John R. Searle and Alan Turing are two philosophers that I will be relating to in order to examine the likelihood of a computer being able to “think” or not “think” and I will look into how a computer and a human have more in common than what “humans” actually think. Also, with the help of the IBM computer, Watson, I will explain why I think that computers will be able to “think”.
Research from the University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography said that species in the ocean consume a projected 12,000 to 24,000 tons of plastic every year in the Pacific Ocean (Nall, 2014). Pollution of recyclable materials in the oceans is one of the leading causes of why some marine species are nearing extinction. Many authors of articles and books analyzing this topic tend to agree that pollution of our oceans is a problem. The future of this problem is where their ideas tend to differ. The following four literature reviews attempt to demonstrate and support my belief that pollution is getting worse in the ocean and more marine life ecosystems are being affected, but there are things that we as humans can do to change this. Imagine a world where we didn’t have to constantly worry about the vicious cycle of humans affecting animals and then animals in turn affecting us through consumption.