Coverage/Noncoverage and likely Coverage Error
The target population is people who are 18 and older in the Flagstaff area who are English speaking. In order to sample those specific people the sampling frame used was a method called Random Digit Dialing (RDD). Specifically the RDD method was used with landline telephones and all of the numbers had a 928 area code. When the professor researched in the phone directories he found that there were specific prefixes that pertained to the Flagstaff area. He also found that each prefix had suffixes that ran from 0-9000.
The sampling frame did not represent the target population very well because there are a lot of English speaking Flagstaff residents without a landline. We did have some coverage problems because we did not have any cell phone prefixes, and if we did that would have covered the target population considerably better. The fact that there was coverage error is a large issue because I speculate that people who have landlines and people who don’t are significantly different. These people are different when it comes to things like education, age and income.
Generally people that have landline telephones have average to higher education completed in their life. While people that are currently still in college do not have a landline because they are always moving. The age gap between people with landlines and cell phones is another considerable factor, because typically people with landlines are much older because cell phones are still a new technology to them. Income is another large factor, because lower income people usually do not have a landline telephone. To add on to that, minorities are what make up a large part of the lower class. Their views on political subjects f...
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...e said road construction, those can be in separate categories, but they can both be in a general category of traffic also. Some people could have been placed in the wrong race because they answered the race question saying they were American. Careless errors could have also occurred, such as pushing a wrong number on the key board while imputing data.
Inferential Error
Overall, there was definite Internal Validity (did X cause Y) in the data that was collected in the survey. One could argue that the order of the questionnaire gave the whole survey strong Internal Validity. There were two experiments built within the questionnaire in the same sex couple question and in the marijuana question. These two questions specifically both had strong Internal Validity. Both of the questions were able to show how one change in the question can change someone’s answer.
David Brody argues that the rise of contractual or collective bargaining relationships during the post WWII era formalized the relationship between employers and unions, but simultaneously began to put a break on shop floor activism. Explain Brody’s argument and, where relevant, incorporate Weber’s theory of bureaucracy.
A sample of children ranging from 4 to 13 years old are going to be asked to watch a Rainbow Brite video. The children will be randomly picked from a childcare center. To ensure that the children are going to be randomly assigned, the children will range in different age groups. The first group will consist of 4, 6, and 8 year olds. The second group will consist of 10,12, and 14 year olds. It would have to be a field experiment because you have to go out and collect the data.
The following information is taken from a survey that I conducted in which I examined fifty college students, half of them male and half of them female. The topic that I studied was how much students use and rely on their cellular phones. I chose to analyze this topic mainly because cell phones are constantly growing in the number of users and has become a prime mode of communication for college students. I am hoping to find out how much cell phones are used according to their prices and monthly plans. I would also like to see how much cell phones are being used now in comparison to a home telephone. As cell phones become more and more popular, it is almost odd to see a college student without their trusty cell phone by their side.
The red army barred the burden of war the soviets suffered the larger loss of resources, people and equipment.as the war worsened America declared it's unprepared for war and doesn't get immediately involved in the war till 1944, singling out the soviets.soviets union holds their own just when the war started to look grim soviets pushed germany's advance all the way back to Berlin and capture it. After that truman ends the war in August 1945 with the atomic bomb which starts the cold war . TWO superpowers with opposing views (communism & capitalism).
In Judith Halberstam’s piece “Female Masculinity,” she offers the audience a few potential definitions of the term ‘masculinity’ and how the term applies to “feminine masculinity.” She states that “although we seem to have a difficult time defining masculinity, as a society, we have little trouble recognizing it” (935). Halberstam suggests that female masculinity is often blatantly ignored in culture and studies due to the indifferent feeling often associated with the topic. Halberstam uses her essay to explain a variety of aspects associated with female femininity like tomboys, queer methodologies, and the bathroom problem. Halberstam’s description of the term ‘Tomboys’ is reminiscent of the character Emily Fields from the Pretty Little Liars book series by Sara Shepard. Progressing through middle school with a group of ‘girly’ friends, Emily is easily labeled with the term ‘tomboy’ due to her sporty exterior. Her overly conservative Christian family and classmates see no ‘threat’ or meaning behind Emily’s tomboy appearance because they believe it is just a stage in her life. As soon as Emily enter tenth grade and starts hanging out with a homosexual female, her family and classmates grow concerned about Emily’s masculine looks and behaviors. In the book titled Prettty Little Liars, one of the liars, Emily’s evident masculine ways raises concern to her thesis-go back and fix it .
1) The representation of African American’s in television has increased greatly since the early 1950’s. Through the years that television has progressed, the view of ethnic and racial groups have improved. From their beginnings as stereotypical roles to primary characters in television, the representation of African Americans have transformed in almost every genre in television. Tracing the development of African Americans through television history helps us to understand the different ways a group of people are represented and how that representation changes as the years go by.
Paul Goldberger was correct when he said cell phones disconnected urbanism. In today’s society, all we are worried about is facetiming, social media, and the internet. Most people can’t even have a civilized conversation without getting on their phones. You could be out meeting different people, but most people are somewhere else when they are on their phones. When people are on their phones, they do not pay attention to their surroundings because they are too busy worried about others. For example, I was trying to talk to my friend and she didn’t hear anything I said because she was on snapchat seeing what others were doing. Paul was worried about calling and texting distracting people, but now you can talk and see their faces by facetiming
There are approximately 350 PDA Waiver consumers that receive services through my agency. I am going to do a random sample of the consumers that have been receiving services for more than one month. I will randomly choose 75 names from the list of PDA Waiver consumers that have been receiving services for at least one month.
Marijuana—a prominently used, yet widely opposed substance. Marijuana usage has been and is an immensely debated subject within the states. Many liberal states favor the drug due to its economic and medicinal values. However, many conservative states abhor the narcotic due to its psychoactive effects on the brain and its minimal medicinal value. These anti-marijuana fans emphasize the drug’s relation to the usage of more potent substances such as cocaine. Overall, there is high tension between those who advocate the drug versus those who protest against it. Economically, taxation on marijuana provides a supplemental income to the state that results in a higher budget for the states’ respective governments; medicinally, the narcotic eases pain for terminally ill patients and alleviates the sense of disorientation. Furthermore, the drug has less harmful effects to the body in comparison to tobacco and alcohol; therefore, the legalization of the previous two should justify the legalization of marijuana. Marijuana’s pros exceed its cons and thus, the substance’s legalization is justifiable.
Most of the well-known national polling firms have used a constant method where they would select phone numbers to call by using a random digit dialer. In 2011, Gallup switched to using a residential phone number dictionary. By switching to this landline method, it was promised to cut the cost of the calling samples by eliminating nonworking numbers; but of course there was some complication that needed to be dealt with. Not everyone who was listed in the phonebook had an available landline to call; causing Gallup to lose their samples. Since then, the polling firm has been in the process of switching back to their original method for calling voters, according to Frank Newton. “Although in theory the use of the landline listed sample made sense ... it probably was a contributing factor to a skew of the sample that we felt was inappropriate, and therefore, we’re making that change,” he
As the semester comes to an end, it is now finals time on the UIndy campus. As part of my Psychology class and our final exam we are to pick out one person that we had read or learned about throughout the semester. The person I am choosing to do a brief biography on and his contributions to psychology is a gentleman named, Philip Zimbardo. The main reason I chose to write about Zimbardo is because of his Stanford Prison Simulation experiment. This experiment not only shocked me but truly captivated me as I read about it.
7. What did you learn about statistical procedures, methodology, and measurement from this article and assignment? (3%)
...sis, which could make all results invalid. With any research projects, limitations will be present. It is important to attempt to eliminate some of these causes in order to complete a thorough, accurate study. In future projects, this study could go about researching the issue in different ways. Perhaps using a larger sample size would be conducive for accurate results. A larger sample size helps reduce and even out any possible errors caused by those who do not answer truthfully. Also, keeping the surveys mainly anonymous would help to receive more truthful and accurate responses from participants. Participants may be fearful of judgments on open interviews or phone interviews, which could affect responses. In order to obtain as accurate results as possible, a future study would need to find ways to survey participants in a confidential way that feels comfortable.
Nearly everyone has cell phones. “According to the Pew Research center ninety percent of adults in the
Many studies point out how cell phones have changed our lifestyles dramatically over the years. They’ve become a part of people because as many can’t go anywhere without a cell phone at their side. Cell phones began as just a talking device, but today, one can now call, store contacts, text, email, surf the web and have access to endless apps. Though much has been said about cell phones becoming a huge distraction in today’s society, less attention has been paid to how much cell phones have transformed over the year and the advancements they’ve given us. (Ray)