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Elements of the toulmin model
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Chapter 4: What is the Toulman Model and how does it work?
The Toulmin model is an effective way of getting to the how and why levels of the arguments that we read. It allows us to dissect and break down the argument into different parts so that we can make judgments on how well the different parts work together, and it also allows us to thoroughly analyze what we are reading.
The Toulmin model has six parts; the first three parts are present in every argument and are as follows: the claim, support, sub-claims, warrants, and qualifiers.
The claim is the most important point to the argument because it is used to identify the main points of the argument or what the author is trying to prove. It is usually written at the very beginning of the argument, but it is based upon who the audience is, and how they are trying to influence that particular audience. It is usually straightforward and draws the reader in immediately.
Our next step in the Toulmin model is the support aspect and it is used to support the claim; this is usually the meat and potatoes of the argument and is used to convince the reader that the claim is valid. Some of the different ways that the support will validate the claim is to use facts, proofs, or evidence that support the claim, and the reason why they support the main idea or claim itself.
One way to validate the information being used is by way of sub-claims which is used to support the argument or the reasons for the claim, and supplies the evidence, opinions, examples, and factual information, to include photographs that can be used to support the claim.
Warrants link the data and other grounds to a claim and legitimize the claim, by showing the grounds that are relevant to the claim and can be unspoken, ...
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...se words represent their misgivings and the fact that all the things we do in life has consequences and ultimately their fate will be sealed with their deaths.
Our young society is faced with challenges ahead of them from bullying, to peer pressures, to poor employment opportunities, higher educational costs. The American dream is drifting more and more away from our younger generation and the prospect for a good education is still in our current modern day society.
Gwendolyn Brooks poem can be represented even in today’s society when a lot of youths are still dropping out of high school and higher schools of education, some choosing to go the straight and narrow past, but some are choosing that path that will inevitably lead them down the path to the very words that were represented in this poem and eventually it will lead to their own destruction and their deaths.
By providing a base argument and the implications of
Argument: This is where the attorney gives detail of the legal situations of the client, and relies on the primary and secondary authorities (Statsky, pg. 545).
McCormick, Charles T. Handbook of the law of evidence. 2nd ed. St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1972. Print.
I had a Political science professor that once said “Political survey answers depend more on how a question is asked than on what the question is asking.” I read and reread the above question. I have to admit that even after 15 weeks of topic discussions, PowerPoint, text chapters and Google; I am still confused about how tax expenditure works. The nearest I can figure out and in plain English, it is simply a tax break. That being said, this question is very methodically asked. The term “anti-poverty programs” is a gentle, non threatening term that will be met with compassion and kindness among more than 85% of (surveyed) US citizens. Second “tax expenditures” is a confusing term associated with the mean IRS that must have something to do with the government taking hard earned money and doing something with it, but what? Who knows? The final term is the big, bad anti-conservative term that only about 11% of surveyed Americans actually greet with any positivity. So the question in our subconscious mind flows something like: “What are the advantages and disadvantages of helping people who need it with your tax money instead of giving it to people who don’t want to work?” But that’s not what the question is asking. Because I know that my subconscious takes into consideration, the information it believes is true. First anti-poverty programs, such as Medicaid, are in most people’s minds still welfare. Before the New Deal many of the anti-poverty programs, as well as welfare (utility assistance, help purchasing groceries, etc.) were funded completely through private charities....
Crusius, Timothy W., and Carolyn E. Channell. The Aims of Argument: A Text and Reader. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print.
Society pushes today's youth towards higher education. The goal of grade school is to prepare the students for middle school. The goal of middle school is to prepare the students for high school. And finally the goal of high school is to prepare the students for college. The entire structure of education is to prepare youth for the next level of education. The problem with this system is that not all students are college material, as seen in the essay The Case Against College by Caroline Bird.
claim, show the evidence, than explain what it all basically means. A big thing I took away as well, is to
It is that simpler explanations are more likely the better choice than complicated drawn out explanations. The simpler something is the easier it is follow and there is less room for mistakes. Complicated explanations are more likely to make errors in them. This of course is when both theories explain the data or situation equally well. For example if you walk into the kitchen and the cat food has been knocked over and split all over the floor you would have to evaluate the different explanations. If your in-between two explanations that are the cat jumped on the counter and knocked it over or the dog unlocked its kennel pushed a chair over to the counter and then jumped on the counter, this tool says to go with the first option. Both explanations are reasonable and would explain what happened but the first less
...r case. You should include a table of contents, a table of authorities, a jurisdiction statement, questions or issues, a statement of the case, a summary of the argument, the argument, and a conclusion.
In order to understand how to compile evidence for criminal cases, we must understand the most effective types of evidence. This topic is interesting because there are ample amounts of cases where defendants have gotten off because of the lack of forensic evidence. If we believe forensic evidence is so important and it affects our decisions, then maybe we need to be educated on the reality of forensic evidence. If we can be educated, then we may have a more successful justice system. If we have a more successful justice system than the public could gain more confidence that justice will be served. In order to do this, we must find what type of evidence is most effective, this can be done by examining different types of evidence.
In about ½ of a page (single-spaced), please state whether you agree, disagree, or have a mixed opinion regarding the following statement and argue, via evidence and claims from what you have learned in class, why you have picked your stated position. Be sure to comprehensively explain and support your reasoning.
These generations of young people are the future, not only of the United States of America but also of the world. Young people will bring change and will hopefully make the world a better place. However, they cannot make the future a brighter place if they are disheartened at a young age from trying to achieve the impossible. It is society’s responsibilities to make the future better and for humanity to move forward and this cannot happen if all the millennials and those belonging to Generation Z are pessimistic because they were not able to achieve their own dream due to the circumstances in America. In order for everyone to have a bright future to look forward to the youth of today needs to have the opportunities to achieve their
Writing essays consists of an aim of the proven thesis and the body paragraph which holds evidence that strengthens it. A thesis should be precise and argueable; a visible thesis may cause disinterest and lack of deliberation within the audience. To deliver supporting ideas, it should not be copied and paste on what you have read; rather, think of what and why the author reflects on the passage differently the way you do. Obtaining habits such as reading between the lines, analyzing the text will improve your writing skills and directly have a straight forward comprehension of existence of the argument to your audience. According to the article, Overview of the Academic Essay, Duffin states “You might decide to move from the smallest piece of evidence to the most impressive… Start with the most convincing, then mention other supporting details…hold back a surprising piece of evidence until the very end”. Plotting your evidence in order from a minimal to maximal is one way to persuade the audience and initiate the excitement of the audience to read the last body paragraph. There are two approaches in argumentative structure; deductive and inductive. Deductive is frequently used where a thesis is stated and is supported by gathering information.
Finally, the argument must be reasonable and logical to the people who need convincing. The person who wins the argument isn’t always right, but they were able to convince an audience that they were by vouching for their character, appealing to human emotion, and by creating a reasonable and logical justification. In the essay,