I. Editing
a. Terms
i. Scenes are comprised of shots
1. Any movie ii. Editing is the joining of one shot to another
1. Dialogue is the clearest example iii. An establishing shot shows a change in scene
1. American Pie – Showing the outside of Stiffler’s house before going into the party scene iv. A shot is a segment of film
1. Any Movie
b. History
i. Birth of A Nation was the first film to use extensive editing ii. Who Framed Rodger Rabbit? was the first film to use humans and animation together iii. Dances with Wolves won the academy award for editing
II. Cinematography
a. Terms
i. Long Shot
1. Matrix Lobby Scene ii. Full Shot
1. Danny Devito walking down the hall in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest iii. Close-up
1. Any news program iv. Extreme Close-up
1. Wayne’s World
v. Birds Eye View
1. View of Russell Crowe on the horse in Gladiator vi. Oblique Angle
1. Gladiator fighting scene with lions vii. High Key Lighting
1. Plays or Musicals (Broadway shows) viii. Low Key Lighting
1. Seven
III. Sound
a. Terms
i. Boom
1. Any coverage of a press conference on a news program ii. Mix
1. The Graduate iii. Non-synchronous Sound
1. Any music video
b. History
i. 1910 the eidoloscope was developed by Eugene Lauste ii. 1921 Charles Home recorded speeches of President Calvin Coolidge iii. 1925 Warner bought Vitagraph Company iv. 1927 Jazz Singer premier
v. 1928 Steamboat Willy had Mickey Mouse voice synced with animation
IV. Special Effects
a. Terms
i. Blue Screen
1. The building explosion in The X-Files (the movie) ii. Computer Graphics
1. Roman Coliseum in Gladiator iii. Matte
1. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang iv. Special Effects
1. The Matrix (almost the entire movie)
b. History
i. 1898 George Mêlées became the grandfather of special effects with his movie A Trip to the Moon ii. 1916 Frank Williams invented a traveling matte system iii. 1961 Ivan Sutherland invented the first computer graphics program called Sketchpad
The Articles of Confederation was ratified in 1871 and considered to be the first Constitution of the United States. The goal of the Articles of Confederation was to ensure each states maintains its independence, sovereignty, and freedom. The Articles were ratified by all 13 states. (Daniel, P.14, 2010) The Confederation Congress called for a convention to meet in 1787 to be held in Philadelphia. The nature of the convention was to revise the articles of Confederation. The Confederation congress wanted the Constitution to be changed in a way that would render the federal Constitution adequate to the exigencies of government and the preservation of the Union. (Daniel, P.14, 2010)
The Bill of Rights was crafted in 1791 by James Madison. It was put in place to protect the rights of all people within the borders of the United States when it is applied by the government. It is a very important document that means a lot in the hearts of Americans.
The thirteen states formed a Confederation referred to as the “league of friendship” in order to find a solution for common problems such as foreign affairs.The Articles of Confederation was the nation’s first Constitution. The articles created a loose Confederation of independent states that gave limited powers to the central government. Each state would have one vote in the house of Congress, no matter the size of the population. Members of the one-house Congress, such as Pennsylvania, agreed that the new government should be a unicameral legislature, without an executive branch or a separate judiciary. Under the articles, there wasn’t a strong independent executive. There wasn’t any judicial branch but Congress had the authority to arbitrate disputes between states. Congress was responsible for conducting foreign affairs, declaring war or peace, maintaining an army and navy and a variety of other lesser functions. But the articles denied Congress the power to collect taxes, regulate interstate commerce and enforce laws. Because of this, the central government had to request donations from the states to finance its operations and raise armed forces.
The Articles of Confederation were approved by Congress on November 15, 1777 and ratified by the states on March 1, 1781. It was a modest attempt by a new country to unite itself and form a national government. The Articles set up a Confederation that gave most of the power to the states. Many problems arose and so a new Constitution was written in 1787 in Independence Hall. The new Constitution called for a much more unified government with a lot more power. Let us now examine the changes that were undertaken.
In comparing the Articles of Confederation with the U.S constitution that was produced by the federal convention in 1787, it is important to note that the U.S operated under both documents. During March 1, 1781, the Articles of Confederation went into effect when it was ratified by Maryland. However, the U.S constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation as soon as it was ratified on June 21, 1788 by New Hampshire. The main difference between the Articles of Confederations and the U.S Constitution is that the constitution didn’t force the laws, but established the why of the constitution. In establishing the why, it warranted the farmers to work on the government being better than the Articles of Confederations. They wanted the government
The focus of this essay is to study the genre codes and conventions in psychological thrillers which are a very popular ‘sub-genre’ of thriller movies which focuses heavily on its characters and integrates a variety of components from the mystery and drama genre as well as the thriller genre. The target audience for this particular genre would be those who live on adrenaline and love plot twists.
...pless when she puts herself in harms way. Stylistically, this movie was one of Hitchcock’s famous experiments. Almost the entire movie is shot in the main character’s apartment and out of his apartment window.
Constitution on the bright side established a bicameral legislature with an upper house and a
My grandfather has always talked about how much movies have changed in such a short amount of time. His favorite movie, E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial, is an example of how editing and special effects have changed drastically since only 1982 and even from the early 1900s. Watching a movie from this year compared to a movie from the 1930s, the viewer would notice many differences ranging from effects, transitions and especially quality. When film started in the late 1800s, there was no digital technology to edit films. There have been many contributors in the film industry that have helped evolve film to its digital age of today. Edwin Porter was the first person in film history to create a narrative film. Lev Kuleshov created a technique gives films certain moods to it and can affect a person’s emotions just by the way images are juxtaposed and edited together. Danny Boyle is an example of a modern day director that developed a set of guidelines that a director should reciprocate while filming. Film editing has revolutionized and developed so much since the early 1900s to now because of important contributors throughout its history that developed new technology and techniques.
[4] Hickok, Eugene Jr., ed. The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding. Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 1991
Born in 1951 in Illinois, Tippett has had a lifelong fascination with the art of animation. During his childhood he was fascinated by films such as King Kong and Jason and the Argonauts. He was fascinated by the surreal images in these movies and wanted to know how they were achieved. He went to his local library to research the subject and discovered the principles of stop motion. One of his favourite childhood hobbies was to make stop motion films with his father’s old movie camera. Tippett had been a lifelong devotee of stop motion as practiced by masters like Willis O’Brien in King Kong (1933) and Ray Harryhausen in The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958) and Jason and the Argonauts (1963). Stop motion was, and still is an intricate, painstaking art in which animators pose and photograph miniature figures frame by frame. He wasn’t alone. “Just about every top animator or effects man today has favorite Harryhausen figurines, such as the part-rhino, part-centaur Cyclops, the serpent woman, and the two-headed Roc bird from Sinbad; or, from Jason, the harpies that are a cross between gargoyles and pterodactyls, and the seven-headed Hydra and its spawn” (ILM). In traditional stop motion (still practiced by Henry Selick in marvels like The Nightmare Before Christmas and James and the Giant Peach), the camera records a series of subtly different poses rather than actual shifting, so the resulting flow of images is inherently surreal -- ultra-sharp and jerky.
In the early 1900’s Georges Melies introduced his film “A Trip To The Moon” to audiences in France. This film, when first seen by viewers at this time, was jawdropping. Melies who happened to be a magician, and illusionist before becoming a filmmaker, made one of the first-ever narratives in motion picture history. Similarily throughout “Trip To The Moon” and many of his later films, Melies, who also worked in theatre, took full advantage of what is known as Mise-en-scene. Mise-en-scene is defined as: All the elements placed in front of the camera to be photographed: the settings and props, lighting, costumes and make-up, and figure behavior. In “Trip to the Moon” Melies created a world to which no one had ever seen on film, and utilized all the characteristics to which mise-en-scene is based upon.
Animation played a major role for the advancement of motion film in 1900’s. Before motion picture camera, frame by frame photographs were used to understand animal and human movement. Eventually a series of famous cartoons would be created which would lead to the expansion of animation studios in New York and California. One famous animation studio that opened up was Walt Disney, which would eventually dominate animation for many years. Disney animation brought many spectacular films and entertainment to people of the U.S.A. Disneys was dragged into WWII as it was requested by the government for its talented art and propaganda during WWII. But Disney was able to continue to strive in producing more animated films after its effort for the war. Walt Disney was a cinematographer who took his career into animation.Walt graduated from Kansas City Art Institute, where he met Ub Iwerks, a greatly skilled animator and Walts collaborated partner. Walts career would begin while working for the Kansas City Film Ad Company in Missouri in 1920. They would be the founders of the Laugh-O-gram Films studio working to to produce several cartoons based off fables and fairy tales. Walt Disney created several pilot shorts of a show called Alice in Cartoonland, a film combining both live action and animation. Alice in cartoonland, a comedic show about a young girl who enters another universe
When film first started, it started as a magic lantern, which is an object that presents dinner entertainment by spinning pictures. They were also known as “motion toys”. Motion toys soon began to compete with magic lanterns and the man who created the praxiniscope developed to praxiniscope theatre which
The evolution of the 1980’s saw the pioneers of the early ages of CGI, but it was not until major revolutions in computer aided film making when the industry took a notice. Steven Spielberg’s 1993 film “Jurassic Park,” one of the first major motion pictures to use CGI on a large scale, is one of the largest grossing movies of all time (imdb.