Fibre Optics

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Recommended: Structure of fiber optic communication

Introduction

Fibre optics are one of the most cutting edge technology humans possess in our current century. These extremely thin strands of highly pure glass consist of a microscopical core, a cladding concealing the core and a buffer coat veiling both the core and the cladding. Fibre optics are used to transmit information over extremely long distances at incredible speeds. For our demonstration, we will be testing a piece of optical fibre, observing the result(s), researching the functionality and explaining how it functions to the homo sapiens at school.

Background

Optical information transmitting systems date all the way back to the 1790s, the optical semaphore invented by Claude Chappe. Narinder Singh Kapany opened the door to the renowned fibre optics by conducting research leading to the invention. In the 1970s, Charles Kao added onto his precedents and invented the modern optical fibre.

How it works

These fascinating fibres function in a very unique way. First a transmitter produces and encodes light signals into the optical fibre which transmits the information via total internal reflection; a phenomenon which means that light is completely reflected (minimal leakage). In order for this to be achieved, there must be two factors. Firstly, the condition is that the first medium must have a higher refractive index (ratio between speed of light in vacuum and it’s speed in a medium) than the second medium. The second condition is that incidence angle (the angle which the light source comes at) must be equal or greater than the critical angle.
If the fibre is travelling over a long distance (most optical fibres used in telecommunication travel 1000s of miles), there is an optical regenerator which contains a light/l...

... middle of paper ...

...it is. In addition to its usage in information technology, fibre optics are also used in medical and surgical environments. An example is an endoscope. Endoscopes are used by surgeons to examine hard to access spaces in the human body. Tactical police units also use altered versions of endoscopes during operations to see under doors. In conclusion, fibre optics are frequently used in our society on a daily basis.

Observation

As I connected the battery to the emitter, the light ‘flows’ into the fibre, to the receiver and alerts the buzzer.

Conclusion & Results

In conclusion, fibre optics are very useful in daily life. Fibre optics are essential and if they ceased to exist, technological advancement may longer take place. Thank you very much for your patience during this presentation. ~Anis

Created by:
Said Anis Sellai with assistance from
Tarek Issa

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