Section 4 Focusing on fertility, critically discuss the role of government in shaping population geographies.
The roles of governments and how they affect population geographies through fertility is a very critical issue. The ways the government has affected certain areas and how it has affected the people through fertility. The ways fertility has affected Asia and specifically Singapore and what has caused Singapore to change its fertility laws. Is the government the cause of the fertility decline or is it just over time people have different preferences than before.
The way fertility decline and how it affects people and the place. Some insight of how government shapes population geography is a socioeconomic factors that influence fertility for example the ways women are educated this counts negative towards fertility (Bongarts, 1978). This shows that women who are not educated tend to cause the decline in fertility in certain countries. Fertility decline in England was not caused by a single factor but a variety which had brushed through the area in one go but with people with different social classes and occupations where also shown to have different fertility rates (Boyle, 2003). Fertility decline has not started recently but has started showing decrease according to Bongarts, the reproductive measures of Korea and how it has changed from 1960 – 1970 shows a very large drop from 1960 where the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was at 6.13 and in 1970 the fertility rate has dropped to 4.20 in ten years (Bongarts, 1978). TFR is the total number of births that a woman would have at the end of the reproductive years (Bongarts, 1978). Fertility is a social or individual factor either the individual has a job and does not have time to...
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China’s communist party created this policy in 1979 and has prevented over 400 million births with the use of forced abortions and sterilizations like Uzbekistan. In January of 2016, this policy has been changed into a two-child policy due to a realization that there can be an economic consequence to the failing birth-rate. Also, due to the fact that couples can only have one child, the future of China’s population can be a burden. Researchers stated, “The graying population will burden health care and social services, and the world’s second-largest economy will struggle to maintain its growth (Jiang, Steven)”. With the lack of production for more newborns, the population will gradually have a majority of elderly people within their society. The new population policy made add an increase in population, but it still puts a limit on the population. If couples had this policy lifted, it can make the overpopulation problem occur again. Therefore, this transition from one child to two children helps balance out under-population and overpopulation in
In the 1940s, China viewed promoting a larger population as a positive improvement for political strength and to improve economic development. Consequently, in the mid-1950s, China realized it “hindered economic development.” They then concluded the government of China must regulate population control in order to solve a majority of their problems (Rile...
Feng Wang and Cai Yong stated that the fertility rate was already declining and the policy wasn’t necessary for the Chinese people, especially because of the enormous costs. The fertility rate, which is the number of children the average woman has in her lifetime, in China started at 2.7 in 1979 and decreased to 1.7 in 2008. The article “China’s One Child Policy at 30” argued that the policy did not need to be introduced in China because the rates were already lower than Brazil at 4.2 and Thailand at 3.6.
Many scientist and specifically sociologists are concerned with the population on planet Earth. Many couples today are choosing not to have children. This choice does not just effect the couples personally, however it effects the whole country's demographic. The increase in childlessness among couples generates economic and social problems. Many countries are facing this problem. Hara in a journal article mentions that Japan and Germany are a couple of the countries that are going through childlessness (Hara, 2008).Today, more than 80 countries depend on immigration to prevent the populations from declining, due to the death rate being higher than birth rate. (Becker-Posner, 2013) How will declining birth rates affect demographics in many countries around the world? How will it affect the Global economy? How will it affect societies in different countries; will it raise social and racial tensions? Will it affect relations
Giving thanks to the new improvements in fertility treatments, American women are becoming mothers later than ever lately. Therefore, the number of women having their first child are between the ages of 40 and 44 has increased more than fourfold from 1985 through 2012, with the number of such births reaching 109,579 in 2012, according to the centers for disease control and prevention (O’Brien,2014). Women are more likely to conceive during their 20s, the cut off age for trying to conceive is 37. There should be a point where doctors tell you it’s time to stop treatments(cycles), but instead clinics will try to upsell you. What we as women do not realize is the high cost, the process, and the outcome of these fertility treatments. Sadly couples put so much into a process, and can come out with a disappointing outcome. So I myself do not stand by fertility treatments, these things can cause too much emotional distress.
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Given the high sex ratio in recent China population report, the abnormally excessive male birth exemplifies the persistence of son preference on women’s fertility behavior. Son preference rooted in Chinese agriculture-based economy and historical feudalism, in consistence with the reliance on laborers and continuing the family line. Older people prefer to depend on their sons to get financial and physical support, while daughters are regarded as property of their husband’s family since the day of marriage.
Shatkin, G. (January 01, 2014). Reinterpreting the Meaning of the ‘Singapore Model’: State Capitalism and Urban Planning. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38, 1, 116-137.
Overpopulation Problems in China In spite of the great achievements that China has achieved in the recent years, our country is still a developing country, which is facing many serious social problems. The most serious of all is overpopulation, for it has a passive influence on the national economy, education and environment. First and foremost, overpopulation is the main obstacle to the economic development in China. The limited natural resources in China can hardly support the excessively large population.
Thesis statement : Since the population has grown rapidly in the past fifty (5) years, how did the Chinese government deal with the population explosion in the past and how will they deal with it in the future? Though China is the world's fifth-largest country in terms of area and the second largest country in Asia, it is the most populous country in the world. There is over one billion Chinese people, which is 19 percent of the world's population, and the population still keeps growing. From 2000 to 2010, Chinese population growth was about 6.2% and if we compared the population from 1960 with 2010, the population had grown more than 100%.
Teitelbaum, Michael S., Jay Winter. “Low Fertility Rates - Just a Phase?” YaleGlobal Online. Yale Global, 9 Jul. 2013. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.
When you have people in developing countries who have far too many children than they should and don’t have the means to take care of them you get overpopulation, when you get overpopulation you get less job opportunities, and when that happens you people who can’t take care of themselves or their children. Two factors have been shown that correlate with overpopulation, which is poverty and education. When you have higher education in a community you will tend to have a decrease in birth rates because when people get education especially in women you will have a decline in birth rates because when they get their education they usually want to get a good job. poverty and overpopulation in the United States. Poor living conditions and over population can cause many forms of disease and unclean living conditions, and with poor living conditions you get the spread of airborne diseases such as tuberculosis and respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
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Many people are needed to reap a field when the crops are ready. Therefore, many children must be born. The birth rates in third world cultures are very high as a result. Males are obviously preferred. Because of the...