Thank you for referring Ferdinando back to see me for his one-month of history of shortness of breath and cough. As you are aware, he will well up until this stage, but about a month ago he has whats sounds to be a virus lower respiratory tract infection that is causing persisting problems with shortness of breath and cough since then. The cough is productive of a small amount of yellow sputum which is occasionally blood stained. The shortness of breath is on exertion with an exercise tolerance that is quite limited to about 500m from a baseline unlimited exercise tolerance. It is not associated with any significant chest pain. He is not noticing any significant fevers or sweats nor has he noticed any eye problems, rash or any arthralgias.
The risk factors that Jessica presented with are a history that is positive for smoking, bronchitis and living in a large urban area with decreased air quality. The symptoms that suggest a pulmonary disorder include a productive cough with discolored sputum, elevated respiratory rate, use of the accessory respiratory muscles during quite breathing, exertional dyspnea, tachycardia and pedal edema. The discolored sputum is indicative of a respiratory infection. The changes in respiratory rate, use of respiratory muscles and exertional dyspnea indicate a pulmonary disorder since there is an increased amount of work required for normal breathing. Tachycardia may arise due to the lack of oxygenated blood available to the tissue stimulating an increase in heart rate. The pedal edema most probably results from decreased systemic blood flow.
R.S.’s clinical findings as a consequence of his chronic bronchitis are likely to include: being overweight, experiencing shortness of breath on exertion, producing excessive amount of sputum, having a chronic productive cough, as well as edema and hypervolemia just to name a few. (Copstead & Banasik, 548) Some of these signs and symptoms would be different if R.S. had emphysematous COPD. In emphysema (or “pink puffers”), there is weight loss, the cough is absent or negligible, and edema is not present. While central cyanosis and jugular vein distention are present in late chronic bronchitis, these pathologic manifestations are absent in emphysema. . (Copstead & Banasik, 549)
R.S. has chronic bronchitis. According to the UC San Francisco Medical Center “Chronic bronchitis is a common type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in which the air passages in the lungs — the bronchi — are repeatedly inflamed, leading to scarring of the bronchi walls. As a result, excessive amounts of sticky mucus are produced and fill the bronchial tubes, which become thickened, impeding normal airflow through the lungs.” (Chronic Bronchitis 2015) There are many things that can be observed as clinical findings. R.S. will have a chronic cough that has lasted from 3 months to two years or more, and a lot of sputum. The sputum is due to
Mrs. Jones, An elderly woman, presented severely short of breath. She required two rest periods in order to ambulate across the room, but refused the use of a wheel chair. She was alert and oriented, but was unable to speak in full sentences. Her skin was pale and dry. Her vital signs were as follows: Temperature 97.3°F, pulse 83, respirations 27, blood pressure 142/86, O2 saturation was 84% on room air. Auscultation of the lungs revealed crackles in the lower lobes and expiratory wheezing. Use of accessory muscles was present. She was put on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal canal. With the oxygen, her O2 saturation increased to 90%. With exertion her O2 saturation dropped to the 80's. Mrs. Jones began coughing and she produced large amounts of milky sputum.
...spiratory infections. The patient must always be under continuous scrutiny since they can undergo aspiration or lack the ability to change from the passageway to their lungs versus their stomach and their spit travels to the lungs which, in turn, causes bronchopneumonia. The patient also does not have the facility to cough and so must undertake a treatment to shake up their body to eliminate the mucus from the lining of their lungs.
My disease is Streptococcal pneumonia or pneumonia is caused by the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is present in human’s normal flora, which normally doesn’t cause any problems or diseases. Sometimes though when the numbers get too low it can cause diseases or upper respiratory tract problems or infections (Todar, 2008-2012). Pneumonia caused by this pathogen has four stages. The first one is where the lungs fill with fluid. The second stage causes neutrophils and red blood cells to come to the area which are attracted by the pathogen. The third stage has the neutrophils stuffed into the alveoli in the lungs causing little bacteria to be left over. The fourth stage of this disease the remaining residue in the lungs are take out by the macrophages. Aside from these steps pneumonia follows, if the disease should persist further, it can get into the blood causing a systemic reaction resulting in the whole body being affected (Ballough). Some signs and symptoms of this disease are, “fever, malaise, cough, pleuritic chest pain, purulent or blood-tinged sputum” (Henry, 2013). Streptococcal pneumonia is spread through person-to-person contact through aerosol droplets affecting the respiratory tract causing it to get into the human body (Henry, 2013).
Craven , D., & Hjalmarson, K. (2010). Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis and pneumonia: thinking outside the box. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication Of The Infectious Diseases Society Of America , 1, p.S59-66. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/detail?sid=44b983f2-9b91-407c-a053-fd8507d9a657@sessionmgr4002&vid=9&hid=116&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==
The simple act of breathing is often taken for granted. As an automated function sustaining life, most of us do not have to think about the act of breathing. However, for many others, respiratory diseases make this simple act thought consuming. Emphysema is one such disease taking away the ease, but instead inflicting labored breathing and a hope for a cure.
Second is pneumonia, which is a lung inflammation, may also cause short of breath and a cough. An infection is usually the caused of the disease so, so you will need to take antibiotics. If you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it is likely your breathlessness is a sign this condition has suddenly got worse. (Manning & Mahler, 2001)
Liam is a previously healthy boy who has experienced rhinorrhoea, intermittent cough, and poor feeding for the past four days. His positive result of nasopharyngeal aspirate for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) indicates that Liam has acute bronchiolitis which is a viral infection (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). “Bronchiolitis is the commonest reason for admission to hospital in the first 6 months of life. It describes a clinical syndrome of cough tachypnoea, feeding difficulties and inspiratory crackles on chest auscultation” (Fitzgerald, 2011, p.160). Bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress and desaturation (91% in the room air) to Liam due to airway blockage; therefore the infant appears to have nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and tachypnoea (54 breathes/min) during breathing (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Tachycardia (152 beats/min) could occur due to hypoxemia and compensatory mechanism for low blood pressure (74/46mmHg) (Fitzgerald, 2011; Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Moreover, Liam has fever and conjunctiva injection which could be a result of infection, as evidenced by high temperature (38.6°C) and bilateral tympanic membra...
On July 27th, 2015 a young woman named Maylin Reynoso went missing. She was last seen leaving her job at a gas station and after this her friends and family went to social media to ask people if they had any information about where Maylin could be. Other than these posts on Instagram, Tumbler, and Facebook there was no news coverage about her disappearance. Sadly, Maylin’s body was found three day later in the Harlem River, she was only 20 years old; although she had been found dead there was still no news coverage about her (Blay, 2016). The worst part of her death was that her family did not know about her body being found until a week later. The family was only able to identify Maylin’s body because of her tattoos. During that same week
The clinical manifestation one may see in patients with chronic bronchitis are chronic cough, weight loss, excessive sputum, and dyspnea. Chronic cough is from the body trying to expel the excessive mucus build up to return breathing back to normal. Dyspnea is from the thickening of the bronchial walls causing constriction, thereby altering the breathing pattern. This causes the body to use other surrounding muscles to help with breathing which can be exhausting. These patients ca...
Treatment of Pain in Patients with Reynaud’s Syndrome Reynaud’s syndrome or the white fingers disease is a vessel abnormality that can lead to vessel spasm in the leg, arms and feet. The condition is caused by over activity of the smooth muscles located in the arterial walls. The condition was named after a Parisian Physician, Maurice Reynaud who discovered it in the latter half of the 19t century. The phenomenon is more pronounced in people less than 40 years old and is five times more frequent in women than men. Reynaud syndrome commonly occurs as reactionary response to cold exposure, although the condition may be precipitated by other factors including emotional distress, family history smoking and estrogen exposure.
Mr. GB is a 78 year old white male admitted to Bay Pines VAMC on 6/18/96. for " atypical chest pain and hemoptysis". V/S BP 114/51, P 84, R 24, T 97.4. He seems alert and oriented x 3 and cheerful. Bowel sounds present x 4. Pt. has a red area on his coccyx. Silvadene treatments have been started. Pt. Has a fungal lung infection with a pleural suction drainage tube inserted in his chest . Pt is extremely thin with poor skin turgor with a diagnosis of cachexia ( wasting) secondary to malnutrition and infection. Patient is no known allergies to drugs but is allergic to aerosol sprays disinfectants and dust.. Advanced directives on chart. Code status DNR. Primary physician Dr. R, Thoracic surgeon Dr. L. Psychology Dr.W. There is PT, OT Dietary and Infectious Disease consults when necessary. He lives with his wife who he has been married to for 56 years. His son and his daughter come to visit him. He does not smoke. He wears dentures but did not bring them. He dose not use a hearing aid but he does have a hearing deficit.
Mr. TG is still in respiratory distress, wheezing is still present and his wheezing is expiratory throughout his lungs, he’s having difficulty breathing, his respiratory rate is 35 indicating he’s breathing faster to compensate for the loss of oxygen to the lungs. His blood pressure is high at 145/94, and his oxygen saturation is at 89%. This asthma attack may develop into status asthmaticus because he’s still in respiratory distress and his self-treatment. Also, because Mr. TG is a smoker, which causes the lungs to be filled up with more mucus, this might be a reason his asthma attack could be prolonged because of the excess amount of mucus that’s blockin...