Feminist Thinking
It has been said that not everything worth reading is a philosophical argument., and I agree. A glance through the shelves of bookstores, news stands, and libraries will incline one away from the idea that all valuable reading is philosophy. Thoughts back upon experiences that have touched one’s life undoubtedly will include an important novel or story and confirm the original statement. It is also fair to say that people approach literature and philosophy with different expectations. It seems fair to expect one’s philosophical reading to impart knowledge, while not necessarily demanding this of poetry or a short story. Likewise, there are different settings, goals, and different relations that exist between reader and writer, and reader and recommender. Some reading may be for enjoyment, escapism, or metaphor while other is for personal knowledge acquisition and/or a class assignment. While this is not to say that I haven’t enjoyed much of the reading required of me in the pursuit of my degree, I approached it all with an expectation that it should fit nicely within my preconceived notion of ‘Philosophy’. In this class I was presented with reading that broke out of that mold. I want to step back a little and work my way back into the literature from some distance. This is, I hope, a fair way of coming to an understanding of the field of feminist thinking.
Assigning reading for a class, and reading the assignment that the instructor has assigned involves two parties and relations of power, overt or hidden. An assigned reading for a class by an instructor carries a stamp of approval- a legitimization. Presumably, the professor has read this piece and thinks it is cogent, readable, fits with the development...
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..., ‘Caring,’ and is the obvious place to start. From this starting point it is quickly evident that some feminists will disagree with the characterization of women as care-givers. However this divergence is not altogether unexpected, and a host of possible places exist within the discursive space created by Noddings, and others, to vocalize. That the discursive space has been opened up in this new way is important.
Annette C. Baier offers an historical development of traditional (Kantian) ethics and its shortcomings. With this and Noddings article the relevance of care-ethics becomes established. And although I do not share the optimism that care-ethics alone can offer a complete system of ethics, it is well argued that future systems need to account for its concerns. Care-ethics is feminist philosophy, while much of the other literature falls short of this title.
After having helped found what would be the world’s most popular and largest software company in 1975, Bill Gates officially found himself to be the richest man alive at the ripe, young age of only thirty-one. Gates had never imagined that the thirteen year old boy who loved to program computers in his parent’s garage would one day find himself to be considered the world’s wealthiest man alive, having a total net worth of $76 billion. Having began on his own, tinkering with computers and computer software, Gates later created the seed of Microsoft, or what was originally called Traf-O-Data in the summer of 1972. (Fast Facts) It wasn’t until two years later, with the help of his co-founder, Paul Allen that Microsoft was born, transforming the technological world in ways that the people had never seen. The birth of Microsoft changed the ways of old computers, making way for faster newer and more innovative technology, along with bringing on a strong competition with their rival company, Apple Inc. With this grand cooperation, Bill Gates was also accumulating a large mass of money, gradually finding himself to top the charts of the Forbes World Billionaires List. (Fast Facts) Despite being well known for his contributions to Microsoft, Bill Gates’ most profound impact on the American culture was in medical and educational advances provided by The Gates foundation, paralleled by his philanthropic views and aid in the lives of the both poor and wealthy.
Roberts, C., & Thorup, C.B. (2012). Care as a matter of courage: Vulnerability, suffering and
Reading literature, at first, might seem like simple stories. However, in works like William Faulkner's “A Rose for Emily,” Katherine Mansfield's “Miss Brill,” and Kate Chopin's “The Storm,” the female protagonists are examples of how society has oppressive expectations of women simply because of their gender.
The contribution of the feminist standpoint in IR theory definitely sparks discussion and debate bringing forth new perspectives which demand to be heard and considered from the more ‘orthodox’ IR theories, previously privileged assumptions and preconceived ideas. This grand entry for the feminists was towards the denouement of the Cold War in the 1980’s , Kirkpatrick; influential US ambassador of the UN during that period was noted to have said that she felt like a “mouse in a man’s world”. Is this still the case with women worldwide and particularly in the West? Tickner’s groundbreaking work set the foundation and key to early feminist IR. Whilst simultaneously interrogating the core issues in mainstream IR, particularly in peace and security, contingent on feminist bases for gendered grasp of issues that have defined it. In this essay we will firstly try to identify and comment on the emergence of feminism within IR in the 80’s. Secondly, we will pin-point and analyze which contributions were of the greatest importance, predominantly via Tickner and Keohane. Finally we will look at the impact and importance of the different types of feminist theories and whether or not they have achieved at enriching our understanding of IR theory.
By the end one should be able to understand why child labor is in violation of human rights and should not be accepted and what is currently being done to put an end to it. Many people want to put an end to this plight, but they feel overwhelmed by the complications and the enormity of it that it becomes difficult to find a the right way to tackle it. There have been many implications that have succeeded in aiding this predicament and enabled progress to be ma...
The notion of difference among the sexes has been studied extensively in terms of cognition and brain activity. An MRI can back these claims, showing male and female brains 'lighting up' in different locations based upon different stimuli. Anyone with a close relationship to a child can attest to the fact that they were born with certain traits. Perhaps their nephew is very shy, while their niece has never met a stranger. In other words, some difference among individuals is innate, fundamental. This notion has been applied to studies in the animal world. Susan Allport, author of A Natural History of Parenting,, notes that "Males provide direct childcare in less than 5 percent of mammalian species, but in over 90 percent of bird species both male and female tend to their young." While researchers have focused on other species, they have been hesitant to apply this sort of lens to human families, largely because this sort of biological inherency does not directly align with the push for equality and equal rights that have been so important in recent history in the United States. Fundamentally, to state that biology creates difference in humans and that this sort of difference has the ability to manifest itself in divergent capabilities carries political and social risk for minority and oppressed groups.
Virginia Held brings up many criticisms of traditional ethical theories in her essay. The ethics of care can be considered as a suitable substitution for other widely accepted ethical theories such as Kantian ethics. The ethics of care recognizes the importance of interpersonal relationships, especially those within the family unit. All people need care at some point during their life, be it at birth or old age. Caring for people that can not provide sufficient care for themselves is a fundamental part of a moral society. Ethical theories based on the importance of a rational and independent individual excludes the importance of interpersonal reliance.
To become one of the most influential people in the world, Gates had to have the work ethic and determination to get there. With great work ethic he started, as a child, with debugging computers for local people in his town (“Gates, William Henry, III” 1). This also started his love for computers, and as he researched and started figuring computers out he became more skillful with them. After he started debugging computers, he began to dabble in writing software programs, his first program that he and his friends made was a computerized payroll system for his high school (“Gates, Bill” 1). He and his friends then proceeded to make more complicated programs, such as Traf-O-Data, which was a traffic counting program that Gates and his partner Paul Allen sold to the city they lived in for $20,000 when they were just fifteen years old (“William H. Gates” 1).
(Held, 146). Since most of the moral theories were created and designed for men, the feminist perception hasn’t been included in these moralities. The idea of that women are considered natural, born care givers, and that somewhat their actions aren’t brought about moral choice or what is morally important to do so. According to Virginia Held, the feminist moral theory are by fused together these core commitments: “Men’s domination of women should end; women are entitled to equal rights; the moral experience of women is important as that of men.” (Held, 146). The major features of an ethics of care are valued relationships between persons and empathetic understandings. The care of ethics is new approach to morality based on the experience of caring and being cared for and a reflection of the values involved. On the other hand, the features of an ethic to justice are valued rational action in accord with abstract principles. Justice shouldn’t be overlooked because it chooses the moral decisions and outcomes in
The fact and precedents in Yahoo Inc. case and its judgment is referenced so as to bring into a skeptical idea of process that courts adopt while deciding matters relating to jurisdictional issues in cyber law. Yahoo is one of the world’s largest global online networks for wide range services. It has reached out for more than 21 million local users in United States and 90 millions globally. The baseless fight of nations on their cultural differences, and the effort to claiming their laws on each other in an effort to protect those differences rather than seeking means to preserve them without conflict, is an old and regrettably venerated tradition. the issue between the two plaintiff and Yahoo serves as a poor explanation of the usability of the litigation process, either in France or in the United States, to deal with this cultural and legal dispute that came when material posted lawfully on servers and which was unlawful in another country, here one country violates the law when viewed by web surfers in another country. The courts in both country attempt to go through the line between preserving their sovereignty and preserving the principle of international community. The results are not well satisfying for all sides. Although the most disappointing element of this conflict is that after three years of litigation, the dispute is similar than when they started, and the issues raised before the both parties are still unresolved.
Bill was born on October 28th, 1955 his parents are William H. Gates Sr and Mary Maxwell Gates. Since he was a child he was interested in computers. “His education started at a local private school known for tough academic standards. When he was first introduced to computers he would skip class to work with the machine. After getting in trouble he gave up computers to focus on education for a year. He dropped out of harvard after his sophomore year because of his success with computers”(Mcguire 1). He was so interested in computers he dropped out of Harvard one of the best schools in America to pursue computers. Due to all of Gates knowledge on computers he was easily able to get a job “Gates' first professional job came soon after he and his computer friends wrote The Problem Report Book, a 300-page manual they compiled after going through the garbage bins of Seattle's Computer Center Corporation (CCC) and finding all the programmers' errors. CCC officials were so impressed with the boys that they gave them jobs”(Mcguire 1). Gates was easily able to get a job by just finding errors in a computer software because of how much he knew about computers. Bill Gates past knowledge of computers helped him become who he is
In education, he attended a well-known private school in Seattle, Washington called Lakeside. At Lakeside, he met his future business partner Paul Allen. Bill Gates entered Harvard in 1973. He created the programming language BASIC. Gates attended Harvard University as a freshman. After a few years, Gates and his business partner Paul Allen dropped out of Harvard to begin the Microsoft Corp. in 1975...
However, Gates received normal education. Bill Gates went to a community elementary school ("William Henry Gates III."). Together with his friend Paul Allen (later co-Microsoft founder) he attended the Lakeside Private School in Seattle (Boyd 18). Even in elementary and middle school Gates was fascinated by computers and typewriters. Soon he had two major goals, making software and money. ( Boyd 23). He began programming computers with the age of 13 (“William Henry Gates III." ). At Lakeside Gates often hung out in C-Cubed, a store that let people borrow computers. C-Cubed had eight typewriters and modems ( Boyd ...
Gates has always taken a utilitarian approach to leadership in business, spending substantial amounts of money and time in humanitarian efforts in order to benefit the broader community. In return, he receives satisfaction by knowing he is providing benefits that can potentially create the leaders of the future who will then shape the world for the generations to come. He has made such an astounding impact on the world. To imagine a world without the advancement of technology or the critical decisions that Bill Gates has made is quite perplexing. Such decisions serve to attest to the true character of