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Women in medieval literature and society
Female roles in medieval literature
Women in medieval literature and society
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Recommended: Women in medieval literature and society
In the book of Margery Kempe, the reader can notice how poorly John Kempe treats Kempe throughout the book. If this book was looked at from a feminist point of few, they would notice objectification made by John Kempe about Kempe. Feminist objectification can be defined as the seeing or treating of a person, usually a woman, as an object. The type of objectification shown in the book of Margery Kempe would be sexual objectification which is objectification in a sexual realm. Margery Kempe in the book of Margery Kempe, makes use of denial of subjectivity, reduction to body, and silencing to show how John Kempe treats her throughout the book.
Denial of subjectivity is the treatment of a person as something whose experience and feelings (if any)
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After Kempe tells John Kempe that she no longer wants to have sex with him, John does not take Kempe’s feelings into account. John says that “he should when god would and so he would use her as he had done before and he would not spare” (Kempe, 2001, p. 10). John Kempe continues to have sex with his wife because he believes that she is his piece of property and that it is her job to have sex with him. Reduction to body is shown in this example because John Kempe is identifying his wife by her body parts and not all the other qualities that make up his wife. Kempe will grant her husband’s wish of still having sex, but with great weeping and sorrowing because she might not be, but with great weeping and sorrowing because she might not be chaste anymore (Kempe, 2001, p. 10). Another example of reduction to body in the book of Margery Kempe is when Jesus tells Margery “Therefore must I needs be homely with you and lie in your bed with you” (Kempe, 2001, p. 66). … “As a good wife ought to love her husband” (Kempe, 2001, p. 66). … In this quote Jesus is telling Margery that she needs to love him the way a wife should love her husband and that is by having sex with him. Jesus is also saying that this can be done by kissing him on the mouth. Jesus ends by saying that this deed can be done as often as she wants. This shows reduction to body because Jesus is think of Margery as identify …show more content…
The reader can witness silencing in the book of Margery Kempe when Kempe is excluded from local parishes because of her troubled relationship with the priests. The priests excluded Kempe from the churches because they are irritated by her cries and weeping. By the parishes and priests excluding Kempe they are essentially silencing her and not allowing her to talk or show her emotions. The priests in the book of Margery Kempe are putting Kempe into a traditional gender role by excluding her from the church because they are irritated with her crying and weeping. The traditional gender role cast woman as being emotional, weak, nurturing, and submissive (Tyson, 2006, p. 85). This is being used to exclude Kempe from equal access to the church. Kempe’s emotions should not have had her excluded from the parish. This was the parishes’ way of silencing Kempe. Another example of Kempe being silenced in the book of Margery Kempe is when she is getting married to Jesus. Margery believe that she got married to Christ on in chapter thirty five in the book of Margery Kempe. During the ceremony Margery did not talk. She stayed silent even when asked a question. Christ said “Daughter, I will have you wedded to my Godhead, for I shall show you my secret and my counsels, for you shall dwell with me and without end” (Kempe, 2001, p. 63). After Christ finished his statement Margery kept silence in her
Margery Kempe did something that many people (especially women) would not dare to do- she broke away from the identity that her society had molded for her. The Book of Margery Kempe is one of the most astonishing documents found of the late medieval era and is the first autobiography to have been discovered. Margery Kempe does not shy away from telling the story of the personal and intricate details about her adventurous life. It is hard to say what influenced Kempe to go through such lengths to have her book written. Many think she wanted others to understand and witness how difficult it was to live through the social norms and expectations as a typical wife and mother of the 14th century. Little did she know, her life story would travel through history and show how molding of society influences social norms and self-identification, which are prominent, combating issues today.
Medieval England was considered to be a Patriarchy, due to the serious gender roles which cast men as superior to women. Margery Kempe attempted time and time again to break the boundaries of the gender roles put in place by society. The men in her life tried to stop her, and bring her back to the social norms of what it meant to be a women living in the time period: John Kempe, her priest, Christ etc. To analyze Kempe, it is first important to note what was expected of medieval women; “the classical females are portrayed as vessels of chastity, purity, and goodness” (O’Pry-Reynolds, 37). She was not your typical female; she wanted to break free from the strict expectations of women; “Men and women of the medieval period and medieval literature
In early nineteen centuries, Women helped shape the course of the American Revolution in numerous ways. However, national and state constitutions included little mention of women. Under the constitution, women did not have right to vote and were not allowed hold office. Judith Sargent Murray, a feminist writer, was one of the most prominent women of the Revolutionary era. She strived for the right and recognition of women from the society of her period. In the feminist essay, “On the Equality of Sexes,” Murray posed the argument of spiritual and intellectual equality between men and women.
Indisputably, Mary Wollstonecraft was one of the most influential figures of Enlightenment, also considered the ‘first feminist’. It is certain that her works and writing has influenced the lives of many women and altered the outlook of some societies on women, evolving rights of women a great deal from what they used to be in her time. It is clear that Wollstonecraft’s arguments and writing will remain applicable and relevant to societies for many years to come, as although there has been progression, there has not been a complete resolution. Once women receive so easily the freedom, rights and opportunities that men inherently possess, may we be able to say that Wollstonecraft has succeeded in vindicating the rights of women entirely.
Mary Wollstonecraft was the spear head of feminism in early England. She brought thoughts and arguments against societal norms into the minds of many that her book, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, became household knowledge throughout the United States. Her writings and radical ideas gave her the nickname of the Mother of Feminism of the early feminist movement. Likewise, Karl Marx published his Communist Manifesto in England. His writing aroused many thoughts focused on the class norms that existed throughout the world. Both, the Communist Manifesto and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, fight the exploitation of their respective classes and cause.
“Denial is a conscious or unconscious refusal to accept facts, information, reality, etc., relating to the situation concerned” (Elisabeth Kübler-Ross -Five Stages of Grief, Business Balls). Denial
The feminist perspective of looking at a work of literature includes examining how both sexes are portrayed
The Book of Margery Kempe is an autobiography of Margery Kempe, a women from King 's Lynn during medieval times. Kempe 's autobiography talks about the struggles she encountered on her journey for a holy life. Margery gave birth to her first child when she was about twenty years old, and after giving birth she had a nervous breakdown. She saw visions of the devil all around her, and her actions proved her to be anything but holy. It wasn 't until she recovered due to a vision of Jesus Christ that she was determined to devote her life to religiousness and to studying God. This vision led her on her journey to a union with God to fulfill her life purpose. Throughout her journey she received personal visions from Christ and the Virgin Mary which
Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth is an affront to the false social values of fashionable New York society. The heroine is Lily Bart, a woman who is destroyed by the very society that produces her. Lily is well-born but poor. The story traces the decline of Lily as she moves through a series of living residences, from houses to hotel lodgings. Lily lives in a New York society where appearances are all. Women have a decorative function in such an environment, and even her name, Lily, suggests she is a flower of femininity, i.e. an object of decoration as well as of desirability to the male element. We see this is very true once Lily's bloom fades, as it were, a time when she is cast aside by her peers no longer being useful as something to admire on the surface. The theme of the novel in this aspect is that identity based on mere appearance is not enough to sustain the human soul physically or metaphysically. Once she is no longer able to keep the "eye" of her peers, Lily finds herself with no identity and dies. This analysis will discuss the theme of the objectification of women in a male dominated society inherent throughout the novel.
Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl” shows in society how a woman should be placed and what it means to be a woman. A women doesn’t question her partner, instead she is subservient to him. A woman’s duties include staying at home taking care of the children and cooking; while the man works and brings home the money. A feministic approach to Kincaid’s “Girl” points to the idea of the stereotypes that women can only be what they do in the home, they should only be pure and virtuous, and their main focus should be satisfying their husband.
Women’s lives are represented by the roles they either choose or have imposed on them. This is evident in the play Medea by Euripides through the characters of Medea and the nurse. During the time period which Medea is set women have very limited social power and no political power at all, although a women’s maternal and domestic power was respected in the privacy of the home, “Our lives depend on how his lordship feels”. The limited power these women were given is different to modern society yet roles are still imposed on women to conform and be a dutiful wife.
The concept of feminism is defined as “political, economic, and social equality of the sexes” (Merriam-Webster). Contrary to prior belief, it is not raising women above men. This was a fear held by many men in the nineteenth century. Therefore, Hawthorne was restricted in how he made the characters of The Scarlet Letter powerful within the society by what society feared. Throughout the novel, Nathaniel Hawthorne attempts to write a novel that is ahead of its time by showing feminist tendencies through Hester, however the constraints of his society and that of Puritan society force his writing to portray women in a negative light.
Fairclough (1992: 88) is of the view that “ideologies reside in texts” (p. 88). But it is noe necessary that the discourse would be interpreted in the same way as desired by the producers. Several interpretations can be made of a single piece of discourse. The ideological import may keep on changing with each new interpretation of discourse (Fairclough, 1992: 89).
However, even though a feminist view helps to encourage certain views in the text, it can be restrictive. This is because it does not allow the reader to discover other potential meanings such as a Marxist or a Psychoanalytical perceptive. For instance, in Salome a Marxist critic may be interested in the sexual power that the woman misuses. In addition, a psychoanalytic perspective allows us to see that it is the unconscious mind that is driving Salome to do such acts. This idea is reinforced through the Lois Tysons idea that “we unconsciously behave in ways that allow us to “play out”…our conflicted feelings about the painful experiences we repress”.
In the 19th century, there was an up rise in feminism for their social role in life. Women were expected to be an average house wife, to take orders from their husbands without questioning them. The woman did not have privileges such as right to vote, to be educated, be free spirited and hold jobs. They lived in patriarchal society where man made all the decision in the household and his wife followed them. The inequality between the genders created frustration amongst females, of which after a prolonged mental impact they revolted. It can be said that the ambition for women to fight for their rights sparked the feminist movement. This movement was based on set of viewpoints, political ideologies, cultural and moral beliefs where women felt compelled to obtain their given rights. The feminist movement was a multi-facet of waves, each of which left an impression to the issues in relation to social status, legal inequalities, and liberation.