According to feminist film theorist Laura Mulvey, the cinema offers a number of possible “pleasures”. One being scopophilia. Scopophillia is the deriving pleasure from looking and in some instances, the pleasure in being looked at. This fetish isn’t so hard to deny in regards to cinema given the fact that the spectators themselves can only be identified with the camera. The camera in accordance to the spectators creates an all-seeing and all powerful-position for them to be in. If that be the case, Christian Metz brings up a valid point by stating “The practice of the cinema is only possible through the perceptual passions; the desire to see.
Laura Mulveys argues that the perspective presented by Hollywood narrative cinema is largely a heterosexual
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Jeffries voyeurisms, and activities are established through his title as a photojournalist, a creator of stories and captor of image. However, his enforced inactivity, binding him to his seat as a spectator, puts him squarely in the phantasy position of the cinema audience ready to oversee the females in the movie that clearly are unable to notice that they are being watched. In relation to how women are perceived by the man, in the award winning film Gone Girl, one of our main characters Amy, has a monologue that highlights the truth behind the gender roles, specifically the ones disposed to the female role.
Nick loved the girl I was pretending to be, cool girl, cool girl is hot, cool girl is game, cool girl is fun, cool girl never gets angry at her man, she only smiles in a chagrin loving manor, then presents her mouth for fucking.
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Females are still taking the roles of over sexualized and (for lack of a better word) incapable figure for the spectators to have pity on. As Budd Boetticher has put it, "What counts is what the heroine provokes, or rather what she represents. She is the one, or rather the love or fear she inspires in the hero, or else the concern he feels for her, who makes him act the way he does. In herself the woman has not the slightest importance." (). This statement raises question to female character and whether they are in fact in control of their own world or
David Fincher’s dramatic mystery film Gone Girl effectively challenges the submissive role of the female character while simultaneously calling out all of the character traits society has given women as a “standard” to live by. Throughout the movie, Rosamund Pike’s character (Amy) carefully uses her feminine attributes to trick and control the views and opinions of the masses that believe that she was brutally murdered by her husband Nick. In an important monologue she gives during the movie, she reveals her motives belonging to her
Strangers on a Train is one of Hitchcock’s most well-known films. It is typically analyzed in terms of the ways that the two main male characters interact. According to many film critics, homosexual attraction between Bruno and Guy is one of the premises of the film. This may be the case, however, many of these film critics fail to consider the minor characters of the film: the women. Specifically, they fail to analyze the influence of these women on the development of the male characters and to interpret the message Hitchcock is trying to portray about women, especially those with qualities typically not associated with women.
Mulvey, Laura."Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." The Sexual Subject: A Screen Reader in Sexuality/Screen. London: Routledge, 1992.
The female characters in Young Frankenstein and One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest are, stereotypically, satiric and parodic renditions of oppressed or emotionally unstable feminine personalities. The theme of the treatment of women is not only played out in the external relationships the women interact within but also in the basic mentality and roles they embody within their personality. The women of Young Frankenstein add a comical element to the film which a direct contrast to the insignificance of the female in Mary Shelley’s novel. The women of One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest are either almost terrifying when thinking of the potential evil lurking just beneath the surface or effectual props in the healing of those who need it.
Works Cited Cowie, Elizabeth. A. A. Representing the Woman: Cinema and Psychoanalysis. Minneapolis, MN -. University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
For the past few decades, women’s positions improve significantly due to feminist movements, which can be presented through contemporary films. Instead of focusing on male-only heroes, an increasing number of filmmakers tend to create female heroines. Nevertheless, women have not yet achieved reproductive rights. In other words, different from men, who can freely express themselves, female’s actions are still limited by societal norm. Thus, female characters, as a reflection of contemporary females in society, demonstrate the fact that females are attempting to challenge gender stereotypes under societal pressures. Katniss, the heroine in Hunger Games, is presented as a role model. However, Marieme, the working class girl in Girlhood, seems
female subjects are not to be underestimated. . . the narrative communicates a “type” that tells
Worse, when women swallow the emptiness, loneliness, and naked violence that comes with their gender performance, their ability to develop self-awareness on matters such as academic, sexual, reproductive, safety, and health care rights no longer exists. When characters such as Ruth from Green Girls come to believe that womanhood means being on display and having to perform their roles as women in public spheres despite the feelings of wanting to shield oneself from strangers, they lose their freedom and become fettered to performative roles. Their performance of gender becomes, as Butler mentions, the result of both subtle and blatant coercions. These coercions offer a script of life that women must follow in order to remain the star of their
Throughout her entire life Amy, the main character in Gone Girl’s movie adaptation, was faced with unobtainable standards that were impossible to reach. This is enough to drive even the strongest of people mad. Due to her parents novel of “Amazing Amy”, she was forced to play the part of the cool girl, and never truly was able to express herself throughout her life. The only part of the novel that truly occurred was that both versions of “Amy” were married. She would go to great lengths to express herself as an individual.
Film scholar and gender theorist Linda Williams begins her article “Film Bodies: Genre, Gender and Excess,” with an anecdote about a dispute between herself and her son, regarding what is considered “gross,” (727) in films. It is this anecdote that invites her readers to understand the motivations and implications of films that fall under the category of “body” genre, namely, horror films, melodramas, (henceforth referred to as “weepies”) and pornography. Williams explains that, in regards to excess, the constant attempts at “determining where to draw the line,” (727) has inspired her and other theorists alike to question the inspirations, motivations, and implications of these “body genre” films. After her own research and consideration, Williams explains that she believes there is “value in thinking about the form, function, and system of seemingly gratuitous excesses in these three genres,” (728) and she will attempt to prove that these films are excessive on purpose, in order to inspire a collective physical effect on the audience that cannot be experienced when watching other genres.
Throughout most of literature and history, the notion of ‘the woman’ has been little more than a caricature of the actual female identity. Most works of literature rely on only a handful of tropes for their female characters and often use women to prop up the male characters: female characters are sacrificed for plot development. It may be that the author actually sacrifices a female character by killing her off, like Mary Shelly did in Frankenstein in order to get Victor Frankenstein to confront the monster he had created, or by reducing a character to just a childish girl who only fulfills a trope, as Oscar Wilde did with Cecily and Gwendolen in The Importance of Being Earnest. Using female characters in order to further the male characters’
Mainstream movies are about men’s lives, and the few movies about women’s lives, at their core, still also revolve around men (Newsom, 2011). These female leads often have male love interests, looking to get married or get pregnant. Strong independent female leads are still exist for the male view, as they are hypersexualized, or the “fighting fuck toy,” (Newsom, 2011). This depiction has created a culture where women are insecure and waiting for a knight on a horse to come rescue and provide for her as well as the acceptance of women
A foundational argument made in “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” (1975) by the well-known feminist film theorist Laura Mulvey posits that in cinema the ability to subject another person to the will sadistically, or to the gaze voyeuristically, is turned onto the woman as the object of both (23). Mulvey asserts that the female figure as cinematic icon is ultimately representative of sexual difference, a signifier of the male castration complex. The woman is “displayed for the gaze and enjoyment of men, the active controllers of the look,” yet threatens to evoke castration anxiety. The male unconscious escapes castration by disavowing it, substituting a fetish object so that “it becomes reassuring rather than dangerous” (21). Mulvey describes this phenomenon as fetishistic scopophilia, which emphasizes the physical beauty of the object and converts it into something satisfying in itself. Mulvey argues that Alfred Hitchcock’s film Vertigo (1958) uses identification processes and subjective camera from the point of view of the male protagonist, John “Scottie” Ferguson (James Stewa...
When one thinks about women, the same basic thoughts always cross through men's mind. Too many men fit women into the same standard roles of cooking, cleaning, and catering to men. Historically throughout time the role of a woman has been lesser than that of man. Those thoughts have progressively changed with time, but have yet to reach the equality sought out by every woman. Thoughts such as those mentioned above are prevalent in literature, with most female characters following the same mold of traits and intelligence in every novel. Women historically have had to conform to specific stereotypical roles, which are often reflected in literature.
Feminism is a movement that supports women equality within society. In relation to film, feminism is what pushes the equal representation of females in mainstream films. Laura Mulvey is a feminist theorist that is famous for touching on this particular issue of how men and women are represented in movies. Through her studies, she discovered that many films were portraying men and women very differently from reality. She came up with a theory that best described why there is such as huge misrepresentation of the social status quos of male and female characters. She believed that mainstream film is used to maintain the status quo and prevent the realization of gender equality. This is why films are continuously following the old tradition that males are dominant and females are submissive. This is the ideology that is always present when we watch a movie. This is evident in the films from the past but also currently. It is as if the film industry is still catering to the male viewers of each generation in the same way. Laura Mulvey points out that women are constantly being seen as sexual objects, whether it is the outfits they wear or do not wear or the way they behave, or secondary characters with no symbolic cause. She states that, “in traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote it-be-looked-at-ness.”(Mulvey pg. 715). Thus, women are nevertheless displayed as nothing more than passive objects for the viewing pleasure of the audience. Mulvey also points out through her research that in every mainstream movie, there is ...
Feminist theory was derived from the social movement of feminism where political women fight for the right of females in general and argue in depth about the unequality we face today. In the aspect of cinema, feminists notice the fictitious representations of females and also, machismo. In 1974, a book written by Molly Haskell "From Reverence to Rape: The treatment of Women in Movies" argues about how women almost always play only passive roles while men are always awarded with active, heroic roles. Moreover, how women are portrayed in movies are very important as it plays a big role to the audience on how to look at a woman and how to treat her in real life due to the illusionism that cinema offers. These images of women created in the cinema shapes what an ideal woman is. This can be further explained through an article 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema' written by a feminist named Laura Mulvey in 1975. She uses psychoanalysis theories by Sigmund Freud to analyze 'Scopophilia' which is the desire to see. This explains how the audience is hooked to the screen when a sexy woman is present. In a bigger picture, where Scopophilia derives from, 'Voyeurism' is also known as feeling visual pleasure when looking at another. Narcissism on the other hand means identifying one's self with the role played. It is not hard to notice that in classical cinema, men often play the active role while the women are always the object of desire for the male leads, displayed as a sexual object and frequently the damsels in distress. Therefore, the obvious imbalance of power in classical cinema shows how men are accountable to moving the narratives along. Subconsciously, narcissism occurs in the audience as they ...