Parallel processing:- Parallel processing is efficient form of information processing which emphasizes the exploitation of concurrent event in the computing process. Concurrency implies parallelism, simultaneity and pipelining. Parallel event may occur in multiple resources during the same time interval and pipelined event may occur in overlapped time spans. The highest level of parallel processing is conducted amoung multiple jobs or program through multiprogramming, time sharing and multiprocessor. Parallel computer Structures:- Parallel computer are those system that emphasis parallel processing. The basic architectural features of parallel computers are introduced below. We divide parallel computer into three architectural configuration : 1. Pipeline computer 2. Array processor 3. Multiprocessor system. …show more content…
The space time diagram for pipeline and non-pipelined processor. in pipeline processor the operation of all stages is synchronized under a common clock control. Interface latches are used between adjacent segments to hold the intermediate result. For non-pipelined processor computer it takes four pipeline cycles to complete one instruction. .Some main issue in designing a pipeline computer include job sequencing, collision prevention, congestion control, branch handling, reconfiguration and hazard resolution. Pipeline computer are more attractive for vector processing. Array processor:- An array processor uses multiple synchronized arithmetic logic unit to achieve spatial parallelism. The fundamental difference between array processor and a multiprocessor system is that the processing element in an array processor operates synchronously but in a multiprocessor system may operate asynchronously. Array
Processor (CPU) – The processor, also known as the Central Processing Unit runs the operating system and other applications. It is constantly receiving data from the user or other active software. The data is then processed and then an output is produced which either will be displayed on screen or stored by an application.
The parts are collected and stored temporarily in a location called storage buffer before downstream.
2. Questar Pipeline (regulated) is responsible for transportation and storage. This includes the development of pipeline. Business is dependent on acquiring leases and the use of land. Operations at well sites can have a life of 20-40 years.
The brain functions as the epicenter of the nervous system, similar to the way in which the nervous system acts as the command center of the body. The brain is believed to be the most complex organ in the entire body; with the cerebral cortex being the largest system of the brain. The cerebral cortex contains billions of neurons and the neurons are regulated by synapses which are responsible for communication between other neurons. The communication process of neurons is facilitated by the axon or axon fibers which relay signals or action potentials to the parts of the brain and body, generating either a motor or sensory response and in most cases both. A primary role that the brain serves is translating sensory information into bodily
Each user picks an allocated pool of the netbatch, the class of machines to run the jobs on and a queue slot priority flag defined by qslot and submits a computing job. Pool is a set of machines that can run NetBatch jobs. Each pool consists of one master machine and a number of servers. The master machine monitors the status of all machines in the pool, such as processor load, number of interactive users, Qslot weights, and queues the jobs submitted, and schedules the jobs on the servers . Classes are a mechanism that allows users to match jobs with suitable machines.
... different layers such as ETL stage, SIF, BDW and how data is processed to generate reports according to the requirement. The processing of information from raw data to different processing stages culminating in coherent information is fascinating.
Von Neumann architecture, or the Von Neumann model, stems from a 1945 computer architecture description by the physicist, mathematician, and polymath John von Neumann and others. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter , external mass storage, subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a memory to store both data and commands, also an input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has grown to mean a stored-program computer in which a command fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is commonly referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of a system.
When an executable file is loaded into memory, it is called a process. A process is an instance of a program in executing. It contains its current activity, such as its program code and also the contents of the processor’s register. It generally includes the process stack, which contain temporary data, and a data section, which global variables. During runtime, it may include a heap, or dynamically allocated memory. In contrast with a program, a process is “an active entity, with a program counter specifying the next instruction to execute and a set of associated resources” (Operating System Concept 106). A process is a program that executes a single instance of a thread. Multiple threads can exist which allows more than one task to perform at a time. Multithreaded processes may share resources such as code, data, and file section. They do not share resources such as registers and stack.
Reader and writer problem are examples of computer simultaneously there are three type of problem which handle many threads which are try to reach or access the resources at the same time in these threads some may able to read and some are writes with constraint no one process can access the recourses which is shared while it’s writing or reading and other process perform writing to it. Data structure of the writer and reader locks resolve the problem of reader and writer. Reader can only read data set and cannot update is done by the writer. And writer can both read and write.
We have the microprocessor to thank for all of our consumer electronic devices, because without them, our devices would be much larger. Microprocessors are the feat of generations of research and development. Microprocessors were invented in 1972 by Intel Corporation and have made it so that computers could shrink to the sizes we know today. Before, computers took a room because the transistors or vacuum tubes were individual components. Microprocessors unified the technology on one chip while reducing the costs. Microprocessor technology has been the most important revolution in the computer industry in the past forty years, as microprocessors have allowed our consumer electronics to exist.
A processor is the chip inside a computer which carries out of the functions of the computer at various speeds. There are many processors on the market today. The two most well known companies that make processors are Intel and AMD. Intel produces the Pentium chip, with the most recent version of the Pentium chip being the Pentium 3. Intel also produces the Celeron processor (Intel processors). AMD produces the Athlon processor and the Duron processor (AMD presents).
...ual core processor that has two separate cores on the same processor, each with its own cache. It essentially is two microprocessors in one. In a dual core processor, each core handles arriving data strings simultaneously to improve efficiency.
Computers are very complex and have many different uses. This makes for a very complex system of parts that work together to do what the user wants from the computer. The purpose of this paper is to explain a few main components of the computer. The components covered are going to be system units, Motherboards, Central Processing Units, and Memory. Many people are not familiar with these terms and their meaning. These components are commonly mistaken for one and other.
It’s prime role is to process data with speed once it has received instruction. A microprocessor is generally advertised by the speed of the microprocessor in gigahertz. Some of the most popular chips are known as the Pentium or Intel-Core. When purchasing a computer, the microprocessor is one of the main essentials to review before selecting your computer. The faster the microprocessor, the faster your data will process, when navigating through the software.
In designing a computer system, architects consider five major elements that make up the system's hardware: the arithmetic/logic unit, control unit, memory, input, and output. The arithmetic/logic unit performs arithmetic and compares numerical values. The control unit directs the operation of the computer by taking the user instructions and transforming them into electrical signals that the computer's circuitry can understand. The combination of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit is called the central processing unit (CPU). The memory stores instructions and data.