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Fear: A Battle With Ourselves
We see thousands of different things a day. Some of them are meant to make you laugh, some are meant to teach you different things, but what about the ones that make us cringe or affect us in a negative way? The negative things the average person sees in their everyday life are the ones that cause us to develop fears and subconscious thoughts and makes us not want to do the things we should be able to do but can’t due to fear. We develop fear through first hand experiences but we also develop fear through seeing other receiving the bad end of the stick when they’re in a certain situation.
There was a study that was conducted by New York University regarding the way the brain acquires fears indirectly. The study shows the amygdala, a part within the brain that deals with memory, is known to be critical to the acquisition and expression of fears from personal experience, is also involved during the acquisition and expression of fears obtained indirectly through social observation.
Previous research has shown how people develop fears after first-hand experience of a scaring situation like being stung by a bee or bitten by a dog. In acquiring these fears, a process known as fear conditioning, with which the brain’s amygdala plays a critical role. It is, However unclear if fear conditioning can occur by simply watching other people and obtaining zero personal experience. It is also uncertain what brain processes take place in acquiring fears stemming from events or circumstances not experienced first-hand.
Edward Phelps from scientificamerican.com explained that While using brain imaging techniques, researchers found that the way the amygdala responded was about the same with both when either watching a t...
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...ree people from them. Exposure therapy, a form of cognitive-behavior therapy, is widely accepted as the most effective treatment for anxieties and phobias (CDC). During exposure therapy, a person engages with the particular fear to help diminish and ultimately overcome it over time. A person may look at a photograph of the dreaded object or become immersed in the situation he or she loathes. Fortunately, for those plagued by irrational fears, we can treat a phobia rapidly and successfully without necessarily knowing its origin.
Regardless of where your fear may or may not come from, there is no reason to ashamed of having that fear. Fear, is really what makes us human. If one feels the need to try and get over these fears, there are ways, like the one discussed above, that can help you get over being scared and that will allow you to continue on with your life.
The Dangers of Fear Irish Playwright, George Bernard Shaw, once said, “The worst sin toward our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them; that's the essence of inhumanity.” Inhumanity is mankind’s worst attribute. Every so often, ordinary humans are driven to the point where they have no choice but to think of themselves. One of the most famous examples used today is the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel’s memoir Night demonstrates how fear is a debilitating force that causes people to lose sight of who they once were.
People become scared in their own minds because of paranoia and their own imagination. For instance, say you’re home alone and don’t have any animals and you hear a noise--your first emotion is most likely fear. Although you didn’t go check what made the sound or why it was made, you get scared and stay in one area until someone gets home or you call someone, it’s human nature. We make ourselves scared when there (usually) isn’t anything to be scared about. On the other hand, we purposely make ourselves scared sometimes by going to haunted houses, watching thriller movies, reading scary books, or watching horror shows.
Kurayama, Matsuzawa, Komiya, Nakazawa, Yoshida, Shimizu, (2012) confirmed that these neutral stimuluses deed indeed has an effect and played a role in fear conditioning in people. The case showed that Treena had indeed learned to be scared of the incident and it proceeded to become a cue for to get anxious and get panic attacks. It has been claimed that patients with panic disorder exhibited fear potentiated startle responses to safety cues and therefore reduced discrimination between safety and danger signals during acquisition, indicating that the safety signal was processed as the aversive event in contrast to the danger signal (Nees, Heinrich, Flor, 2015). It also showed that the her failing to answer the question had affected her in other classes when she would not participate in other classes hence, this showed that the neutral stimulus has developed and grew into a conditioned stimulus which evoked feelings of fear and anxiety in her, in other words it had become a cue for her to be scared and
Preparedness theory of phobia is a concept developed to explain why specific connections to objects are learned...
In The Brothers Karamazov Fyodor Dostoevsky said, “…fear is simply the consequence of every lie.” Dostoevsky is stating how people are afraid of what will happen when their lie(s) is/are put out in the open. Fear is a distressing emotion aroused by impending danger, evil, pain, etc., whether the threat is real or imagined. This line suggests that people are afraid of the truth, which inevitably is the consequence of every lie. Even though this quote was written by a 19th century author it can still relate to texts that were made centuries prior. Both Sophocles and Shakespeare’s plays support Dostoevky because both plays deal with the act of lying and its consequences as a major motif.
Before we can explore phobias and how they are formed we need to examine classical conditioning, as this is at the heart of all phobias. Classical conditioning was first developed by Ivan Pavlov and when we talk about classical conditioning, we talk about stimuli producing responses. A stimulus is an event that subjects can perceive through their senses. Sounds, odours, tastes, and pain are all types of stimuli. Responses are the reaction to the stimuli; these can be described as behaviour. Shivering, jumping, salivation, for example are responses. Classical conditioning happens when two stimuli are paired with each other (Table 1). One stimulus creates a response naturally (a reflex). Pavlov referred to this as unconditional stimuli (US). The response produced by a US is known as an unconditional response (UR), and it usually involves a reflex action evoked by the US (for example, muscle flexion, salivation), (Davies & Buskiet, 2008). Pavlov, who began his career as a physiologist, set up an experiment using dogs and by using a s...
One of the most famous example of fear conditioning is the Little Albert experiment conducted by Watson and Rayner in 1920. In this experiment, an infant, Albert, was presented with a white rat, and as expected, Albert initially displayed no signs of fear and began touching and playing with the rat. Soon, the experimenters began pairing the presentation of the rat with a loud noise (US) produced by banging a hammer on a steel bar. The noise caused Albert to startle and cry (UR). After several pairing, Albert learned to fear the rat (CS) and would crawl away or cry (CR) when the rat was subsequently presented (Watson and Rayner, 1920)
Conquering phobias is a specialty of hypnotherapists. A phobia is a compulsive fear of a specified situation or object (Knight 2). A few types of phobias are fear of open spaces, fear of snow, fear of the cold, fear of marriage, fear of insanity, fear of being alone, fear of darkness, fear of disease, fear of beards, fear of birds, fear of being stared at, fear of bein...
This has been going on from the start of humanity. Fear comes from within the conscious and that is inevitable; there are many things that are frightening to us humans. A lot of these fears are learned through experiences growing up. I’ve always wondered what happened to someone to have such a strong irrational fear. The number of phobias are highly increasing, 2017 has been recorded as the highest amount of phobias diagnosis(Phobias 1). We teach ourselves these things without even realizing it, until we have already encrypted the phobia into our minds. There are many studies today trying to understand the development of these phobias. Having phobias can have a massive interruption of daily routines, limit productiveness, create low self-esteem, and place a strain on relationships with families or friends because people will avoid the
In the words of Bertrand Russell, “Fear is the main source of superstition, and one of the main sources of cruelty. To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom” (Russell). Fear causes many problems in our lives. Fear influences many of a person’s actions and decisions. However, people usually regret the decisions or actions they made out of fear. Also, these actions and decisions can cause problems for those people in their future. Fear is a harmful emotion, for it clouds people’s judgement, disables them from taking action, and causes them to make decisions that they will regret later.
One of the characteristics of a phobia is a feeling that is greater than the fear of a situation or object with an exaggeration of the danger associated with the said situation or even object. This persistent fear often leads to an anxiety disorder that leads an individual to develop mechanisms that ensure one avoids the object or situation that triggers the occurrence of the phobia. Phobias can have highly debilitating effects on an individual including the development of depression, isolation, substance abuse, and even suicide. Many people take phobia for granted however, it is clear that it has the potential to impair the quality of life for both the affected and the people around them. The fact that many of the phobias are manageable using
Stated by psychologist, Dr. Vince Berger, fear is an in-built survival mechanism. A person is born only with two in-bornfears: the fear of falling and the fear of loud noise; the rest of a person’s fears are learned. Psychiatrist, Maxie Clarence Maultsby, introduced the concept of four fatal fears: the fear of failure, the fear of rejection, the fear of being wrong and the fear of being emotionally uncomfortable. Maultsby, along with other Psychiatrist, believe these ...
intense or extensive than others” (Rapee, et al 17). Some fears may be more common at certain ages; for example, children the ages of three-five will be afraid of the...
‘An adequate hypothesis of fear must utilize physiological concepts of cerebral action in addition to psychological terminology. The hypothesis proposes that "fear originates in the disruption of temporally and spatially organized cerebral activities; that fear are distinct from other emotions by the nature of the processes tending to restore equilibrium." The sources of fear involve conflict, sensory deficit, or constitutional change. ‘
A number of different theories have been proposed to explain how these factors contribute to the development of this disorder. The first theory is experiential: people can learn their fear after an initial unpleasant experience such as a humiliating situation, physical or sexual abuse, or just attending a violent act. Similar experiences that follow add to the anxiety. According to another theory, which refers to cognition or thinking, people believe or predict that the outcome of a particular situation will be degrading or harmful to them. This can happen, for example, if parents are overly protective and constantly alert to potential problems. The third theory focuses on biological basics. Research suggests that the amygdala, a structure deep inside the brain, serves as a communication center that signals the presence of threats, and triggers a response in the form of fear or