Fault Tolerance Application Software
Introduction
Today's business requirements drive the necessity for software applications that enable organizations to maintain constant and continuous availability. We are living in a 24/7 world. Brick and mortar businesses that only needed to worry about the security of their hard assets after closing for the day now have websites allowing customers to shop online at their convenience. Simply establishing a web presence is not enough to compete in the market. Business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer (B2C) commerce requires a high-availability strategy with planning and solutions for a fault tolerant system with 24-hour access. An organization offering goods and services on the Internet needs fast loading pictures, smooth transition between pages and quick links to services and forms. Stalls, hesitations, and lockups are unacceptable to customers and business partners who have neither the time nor the patience to contend with inefficiency. Of course, the requirement of high-availability does not come without a price tag. Online maintenance and upgrades in a 24/7 environment can triple the maintenance costs for applications and design of redundancy.
Unlike hardware, software reliability is difficult to characterize. As software applications continue to increase in complexity, fault tolerance will always be a growing concern. Risk analysis is important in determining the pain level' a business can endure when software fault tolerance is improperly implemented.
Today's applications are quite complex, requiring millions of lines of code. It is due to the complexity of many of today's applications that hardware components are known to have a much higher reliabili...
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...January 2006 from University of Phoenix rEsource on the World Wide Web at https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary/content/eReader.h
Whitman, Michael E., Mattord, Herbert (2004). Principles of Information Security Second Edition. Electronically retrieved on 17 January 2006 from University of Phoenix rEsource on the World Wide Web at https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary/content/eReader.h
Laprie, J.C., Arlat, J., Bounes, C., and Kanoun, K. (1990). Definition and Analysis of Hardware and Software Fault Tolerance Architecture. IEEE Computer, 23(7):39-51. Electronically retrieved on 18 February 2006 from the World Wide Web at http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/context/425112/0
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Lowe’s is a home improvement warehouse that was founded in 1946 as a single store and since has grown to become the second largest in the world. As technology has evolved, Lowe’s has made many advances incorporating new systems and devices to stay competitive. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information technology management systems used at Lowe’s. It will look at Porter’s Five Force Model, supply chain management; data base management system, five agent-based technologies, e-commerce and system development lifecycle. Furthermore, it will look at business continuity planning, emerging trends and security vulnerabilities relates to the organization to remain competitive.
In recent years, many organizations particularly in a high risk industry have experienced significant losses. For this reason, they have been more considered the importance of the concept 'High Reliability Organization' (HROs). Weick and Sutcliffe (2001) as cited in Takagi and Nakanishi (2006), claim that a comprehending of the HRO concept can lead to clearly understand a technical system within an organization. This leads to minimize any failures from unexpected circumstances. To be more precise, it can be said that the HRO principle assists the organization to determine the risk factors that may negatively affect a company performance in an early stage of a project life cycle. Similarly, Laporte and Consolini (1991) as cited in Aase and Tjensvoll (n.d.) state that any high risk organizations who has applied the HROs principles tend to have an outstanding safety records.
Security helps the organization meet its business objectives or mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards. Businesses should establish roles and responsibilities of all personnel and staff members. However, a Chief Information Officer should be appointed to direct an organization’s day to day management of information assets. Supporting roles are performed by the service providers and include systems operations, whose personnel design and operate the computer systems. Each team member must be held accountable in ensuring all of the rules and policies are being followed, as well as, understanding their roles, responsibilities and functions. Organizations information processing systems are vulnerable to many threats that can inflict various types of damage that can result in significant losses (Harris, 2014). Losses can come from actions from trusted employees that defraud the system, outside hackers, or from careless data entry. The major threat to information protection is error and omissions that data entry personnel, users, system operators and programmers make. To better protect business information resources, organizations should conduct a risk analysis to see what
As a result a huge number of organisations have become software dependent. Some of these systems are used to safeguard the lives of many people. This means that if these systems were to fail they could lead to devastating consequences. Here are some examples of where software systems are used heavily and could be very dangerous if they were to fail - aviation, hospitals, space exploration, nuclear power stations and communications. I will be looking at some examples of actual software failure in these fields to explain the reasons why systems fail.2.0 Reasons for Systems FailureIf software systems failure can be so dangerous why can they not be completely eliminated? According to Parnas, "The main reason is that software can never be guaranteed to be 100% reliable.
[23] Anderson, David. (2003,2008). White paper: Red Hat Crash Utility. Redhat Software Inc. [Online] Available: http://people.redhat.com/anderson/crash_whitepaper/
In the systems approach to error prevention, barriers play an important part. These barriers whether they a...
Whitman, M., & Mattord, H. (2010). Management of information security. (3rd ed., p. 6). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
The ability to conduct warfare through technological methods has increased information security awareness and the need to protect an entities infrastructure. Subsequently, cyber warfare produces increased risk to security practitioners that employ technology and other methods to mitigate risks to information and the various systems that hold or transmit data. A significant risk to information lies in the conduct of electronic commerce, hereinafter called e-commerce. E-commerce is the purchasing or selling of goods and/or services through the internet or other electronic means (Liu, Chen, Huang, & Yang, 2013). In this article, the researcher will discuss cyber warfare risks, present an evaluation on established security measures, identify potential victims of identity theft, and present an examina...
...mpany up and running through any kind of interruptions such as power failures, IT system crashes, natural or man-made disasters, supply chain/vendor problems and more.
Whitman, M. E. & Mattord, H. J. (2011). Principles of information security. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Fault tolerant techniques are based on time redundancy or space redundancy or combination of both. As mentioned previously, a sensor has a limited computation power, so time redundancy techniques are not supposed to be of beneficial. Traditional techniques in backing up sensors are based on double and triple redundancy, which doesn’t satisfy the requirement of having a reliable network with a minimum number of sensors.
Over the past few years, Internet-enabled business, or e-business, has drastically improved efficiency and revenue growth. E-business applications such as e-commerce, supply-chain management, and remote access allow companies to streamline processes, lower operating costs, and increase customer satisfaction. Such applications require mission-critical networks that accommodate voice, video, and data traffic, and these networks must be scalable to support increasing numbers of users and the need for greater
Privacy exist wherever personal information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. The challenge of data privacy is to use data while safe-guarding individual's privacy preferences and their personally identifiable information. The fields of computer security, data security, and information security design and utilize software, hardware, and human resources to address this issue.
There is a large number of industrial processes where an erroneous operation can lead to important damage to their environment, and economical losses. That is why these processes, and the machines involved, must be designed to operate safely. However, the high automation and management levels required nowadays make necessary to use electronic systems for th...
Task scheduling and machine management are the essential component in computational grid. Due to the widespread use of resources, systems are highly prone to errors and failures. Hence fault tolerance plays a key role in grid to avoid the problem