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Edward bernays was the first person to apply the findings of psychology and sociology to public relations, referring to himself as a what
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Edward L. Bernays deserves recognition far greater than that which he receives. "The father of spin" documents the career of Edward Bernays, the man himself and the monumental findings that precede him. Bernays not only fathered public relations as we know it he also shaped molded and embodied ideal practices of public relations and spin in everything that he did.
Bernays and his studies did the unthinkable in that they were able to grasp the social, political, economic and cultural developments and to live on with a sense of timelessness.
The author Larry Tye describes Bernay’s in a very positive light. He organized the book in a way that outlines Bernay’s relations with various entities as the main points of "the Father of Spin". Throughout the book, "the Father of Spin" he attests to Bernay’s greatness and the extent to which he was important to society. One example of Tye’s praise of Bernays was when he spoke of Bernays role in maintaining the situation between the country of Guatemala and the company which was then known as the United Fruit Company. When in actuality Bernay’s tactics (producing many articles across the mass media about the communist influence in Guatemala) actually led to a brutal uprising against the government; Larry Tye described it as Bernays "(remaining) a key source of information for the press, especially the liberal press, right through the takeover….[ ] he gave the first information regarding the takeover to the public”. Larry Tye was not very hard on the negatives of Bernays and his practices and in that sense the book may appear somewhat one-sided.
Though Larry Tye casts Edward Bernays in a positively biased light, I still agree with his argument more than I disagree with it. I only disagree to the extent to which he was praised because from what I have read Bernays is motivated only by money and rarely morality and discretion in the sense of people’s health and safety.
Bernays was very beneficial to society and many of the things that Larry Tye said about him have very strong support. As relayed by Larry Tye, Edward Bernay’s genius is undeniable. He is able to correlate ideas and concepts with products and services in order to expand business. When Tye writes of how Bernays acquired his first real “CEO” job as co-president of two medical papers that his friends father had given to them.
Andrew Carnegie, a robber barron that took advantage of his poor employees and his relentless competition, his personal intentions and innovations in the steel industry and philanthropic distributions positively changed America's society and views of education. Early 19th century, the American industrialist of the time, we're gathering good fortunes through Carnegie's ideas and initiatives. This man started out onto the road to wealth and success, starting from rags to the riches and earned the reputation he brought among himself, bringing him into American history. For those who exploited others on the road to wealth were automatically labeled as “robber-barrons" i.e. John D. Rockefeller, Ph.D. Nevertheless, those whose personal success positively impacted the United States, earning the title of the" captains of industry" surprisingly Andrew Carnegie happened to do both.
The blatant disregard for public concern was not by any means an unpopular or discreet sentiment held by businessmen. In an interview with the Chicago Daily News in 1882, William H. Vanderbilt held absolutely nothing back (Document 1). During the interview Vanderbilt wastes
Businessmen of the Gilded Age like Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Vanderbilt were captains of industry. Industrialists economically improved the United States by contributing the most money, which was made from the successes of their companies. In addition, they were financially beneficial to communities and set an example of philanthropy and lifestyle for others to follow. Moreover, they resorted to unscrupulous tactics not only for their financial gain, but for America’s financial gain as well.
Inventors make many lives more comfortable and convenient. George Edward Alcorn, Jr. was a well-known inventor, but he was a well-established scientist and businessman.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Not knowing what to do, businesses tried to buy out journalists to silence them and to pay for advertisements in the newspapers (Seitel, 2006, pg. 29). This strategy did not work for long however because “the best way to influence public opinion was through honesty and candor” (Seitel, 2006, pg. 29). Out of this idea came the first great public relations counselor, George V.S. Michaelis
What’s all the ‘hype’ about this “media-controlled universe”? Cynthia L. Kemper writes in her article “Living in Spin” about how the twenty-first century has a corrupt sense of honesty. Her paper, published in “Communication World”, is generally a reaction to her findings about the new age style of communication. She bases it mostly on interviews and supports it by the many quotes weaved between her logic-based trails of thought. Appealing mostly to logos and pathos, she carries a conversational tone with her audience. This tone is abundant in rhetorical questions that she doesn’t attempt to answer. The main purpose of her article appears to be the ‘eye-opening’ factor. Kemper manages to provide a conscious effort to tell people how many different factors have affected the current generation’s ability to speak without ‘spinning’. She quotes the editor of slate, Michael Kinsley, in order to explain that “Spinning means describing a reality that suits your purposes. Whether it resembles the reality we all share is an issue that doesn't even arise”. Simply put, the author that begins her essay with a very intriguing question, “Have 21st Century Communicators Stopped Telling the Truth?”; refrains from clearly answering this very question throughout her work. In the article the author talks about the problems of people ‘coloring’ stories to make them more appealing. Modern day rules allow people to stretch the truth to sell products better among other things. She blames these ‘innovations’ in the world of communication to the new progresses in technology.
Public relations are the practice of distributing the information between an organisation or individual and the public. The aim of PR practitioners by the client is often is to persuade stakeholders, partners, employees, investors and most importantly, the public. The practitioner’s communication stance is reaching the individuals or organisation ultimate goal. However many can examine and scrutinize public relations ethics to assert a PR problem within the industry. All PR organisations and individuals have a code of ethics of which the professionals are expected to follow. Regardless of these guidelines, ethics in individual practices seem to prove continuous and consistent violation worldwide. The James Hardie Industry, a company that is known for knowingly using products that caused thousands of people throughout Australia to grow to become sick and even resulting in death, from its products that produced massive profits is a prime example of the PR problem. However ethical communication and critically reflective practices are procedures that benefit both the public and the organisation when use correctly, opposite to the James Hardie case.
People like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan are men who possessed the intellect, the foresight, and most importantly the work ethic to become powerful industrialists. These men displayed their work ethic to the country by being ruthless and tireless. They started something so important that a hundred years later it is still making a huge contribution to our country (Maury Klein pg. 32). What they started was the industrial revolution. Today our country is the most powerful in the world because of our great wealth.
...steel business in the world. This boom of steel made Andrew Carnegie dominate in the industry. He supported the steal, elevated trains, and iron rails by his creation of the steel business. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration, defined above, in order to make his business successful. Andrew’s biggest rival was John D. Rockefeller, who was the king of the oil industry. Though Rockefeller had tactical marketing strategies, he was demanding illegal rebates with the railroad companies in order to keep his business alive. He then had to pioneer a trust which meant that he would gives shares to trustees who hold the stocks “in trust” for their stockholders. J.P. Morgan comes into play with his finance capitalism, consolidation, and elimination. I believe that each these people had their own power and success and not one of them had better successes then the others.
In the book, Propaganda, author Edward L Bernays, who is nephew of Sigmund Freud, transcends the public relation industry. This short, 13-part instructional manual delves deep into the intricacies and usage of propaganda. Bernays claims that the public is in a constant state of manipulation. He argues that in order for a society to be highly functioning and stable, public opinion must be manipulated and swayed. While I find his claims disturbing, it was refreshing to read something so blunt. Bernays’ use of psychological techniques to work the mechanics of public opinion truly classifies him as the “father of public relations.”
Andrew Carnegie, the “King of Steel”, the benevolent employer, the giant of industry, was among the greatest influences of the second industrial revolution. It is sometimes questioned whether Carnegie was the ruthless, sneaky steel tyrant some made him out to be, or the generous, benevolent education benefactor he appeared to be. I believe him to be a combination of both, but more so the great giant of industry.
Rich Cohen’s biography of Samuel Zemurray The Fish that Ate the Whale refers to Zemurray as America’s Banana King, because to the extensive amount of wealth and political influence that he accumulated while commercializing the banana fruit and making it America’s national fruit through his firm – United Fruits Company. However, some of Zemurray’s business practices were not ethical. He was known to frequently deploy the use of propaganda when he realized that things would not go his way. Zemurrays’ use of propaganda was not ethically justified since it was driven by the need to meet the ideals of corporate greed at the expense of nurturing a socially responsible organization that is keen on improving people’s welfare. Edward Bernays was Zemmurray’s spanner boy tasked with implementing the unethical propaganda campaigns. In his 1928 text aptly named Propaganda, Bernays seems to pre-empt his effective propaganda campaign by stating that “the intelligent and conscious manipulation of organized opinions and habits of masses is a necessity in any democratic society” (Barney 7).
Mackay, Tim. "The Ethics Of The Wolf Of Wall Street." Charter 85.2 (2014): 67.Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
The public relations field has the opportunity to connect its past and present to garner a powerful future, by making the PR profession a licensed one. Since the time of such PR pioneers like Edward Bernays (1891 - 1995), argued to be the "father of public relations" and Ivy Lee (1877 1934) also argued to be the "father of public relations, PR practitioners have desperately fought to amass respect and maintain legitimacy in the eyes of the public and other professional groups.
helped create the new economy of capitalism with his book, "The Wealth of Nations", countries