Is Fascism a form of Socialism?
In a provocative article ‘A Christian Critique of Fascism’, British political theorist Alistair Kee portrays three interesting features of fascism. One of the three features is fascism is a form of socialism. Scholars around the globe are generally fall in consensus that socialism and fascism are two different doctrines despite their similarities. But, Kee’s strong contention that fascism and Marxism have shared 85% common beliefs leads him to draw an analogy between these two theories in order to argue that fascism is a form of socialism. It implies that they are, in fact, the same and exact theory. I will show the arguments Kee brought forward in support of his belief are fairly unorthodox eventually to prove
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Among Italy’s Benito Mussolini, Germany’s Adolf Hitler, Spain’s Francisco Franco, Portugal’s António de Oliveira Salazar, France’s Philippe Pétain, Hungary’s Miklós Horthy, Romania’s Ion Antonescu, and Croatia’s Ante Pavelic, the first two had been counted as the heavyweight fascist figures. Hence, it is a good alternative to put forward their views on fascism as a starting point. It seems to me that Mussolini’s explanation of fascism is more compact than that of Hitler. In his The Doctrine of Fascism, Mussolini says: “Fascism is a religious conception in which man is seen in his immanent relationship with a superior law and with an objective. … Fascism besides being a system of government is also, and above all, a system of thought…. Fascism is a historical conception, in which man is what he is only in so far as he works with the spiritual process in which he finds himself, in the family or social group, in the nation and in the history in which all nations collaborate….the Fascist conception is for the State; and it is for the individual in so far as he coincides with the states …Fascism reaffirms the State as the true reality of the individual…for the fascist, everything is in the State, and nothing human an spiritual exists, much less has value, outside the State. In this sense Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State, the …show more content…
Organicism plays a significant role to make a bridge between absolutism and irrationalism. In a single human body there are distinct functions to be done by different organisms. If all the organisms function properly, our body works well as a whole. But, neither the value of the individual organism nor the value of all the organisms is more valuable than the body or the whole. Analogously, the value of the individual or the value of all individuals is not more valuable than the state though it is a collection of human beings. Mussolini argues ‘It is not the nation that generates the State…rather it is the State that creates the nation…’ There are thousands of individuals in a state, but, from the perspective of organicism, no one of these is indispensible for life. A state protects its members and cares for them in the same way a body protects and cares its parts. Furthermore, a fascist state desired that all its individuals should be grouped according to their interests, they then form classes, and then trade-unions. An individual will eventually be identified as member of that corporation, and nothing
These were pivotal times in the annals of world history in the 20th century. Mussolini and Hitler’s rise to power was clearly a threat to the freedoms of the United States and its Allies. Through God’s grace and omnipotence, the US alliance, industrialization and intellectual might, we had the resources required to overcome the fierce and mighty threat of Fascism in the Free World.
Benito Mussolini is the creator of fascism and in this article he is going through the details of what fascism consists of and what I gather from the article is that he wants to transition from nation + state to nation =state and what that means is that everything goes through the state and nothing is separated from it including descriptions and law making on things such as war. Source 8.4 we are presented Eichmann in Jerusalem and this is an article by Eichmann who in my opinion sounds brainwashed to the law. He is unable to speak to what he really believes the government stands for. When we look at all of these sources and put them all together, we ask ourselves how do these tie together?
To understand why Fascism gained such popularity after WWI, it is essential to find a working definition of what Fascism actually is. According to Benito Mussolini and his document What is Fascism, Fascism is “the conception of the state, its character, its duty, and its aim.” It is concerned primarily and totally with the affairs of state rather than those of the individual. The chief duty of a man in a Fascist nation is to do what he can to elevate the state to higher power or assist the state in whatever means necessary in its goals. As is evident to anyone studying this period in history, Fascism “repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism…” meaning that it is most certainly not afraid to use force or war to accomplish its objectives. A Fascist, especially a male Fascist, aspires to be a hero to his country and an ally to the state or nation of which he is a part. A woman ...
Multiple historians have touched on the change in government during Fascist Italy’s reign in World War II. In Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development, Alexander De Grand clarifies the many promises Benito Mussolini fabricated for the Italian people in order to get them to join his cause such as the improvement on poverty with the rise of a new Roman Empire. De Grand also gives an opposite view, with some citizens seeing Fascism as a “model of efficiency.” In Melton S. Davis’ Who Defends Rome?, t...
7 May 2010 “Fascism in Germany and Italy.” Online Essays. 10 July 2007. 7 May 2010 “Italian Fascism.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.
Whether, it is that a man should appear as not as an individual, why he rejects pacifism and marxism. I can only point out one small paragraph that shows what a fascist person should be like unlike Hitler's book excerpt that shows why and has examples of why the Aryan race should be dominate and, why he wants the Jews to perish. Benito states that a man should be active, be ready, importance of education and, the essential value of work. This is nothing compared to Hitler, who showed why the Aryan race should be dominate, ways to awaken a sentiment of nationality in large masses. The main topic that Benito talks about is why he wants a fascist state and not a pacifist and/or marxism. But Mussolini does state what Fascism does: dening happiness and that men should not be treated as mere animals.
Firstly I will look at some of the effects of fascism, starting with one of the most devastating tragedies the world has witnessed, the holocaust. It is not known who first proposed the term holocaust, but we can draw assumptions as to why it was adopted. The Jewish community are likely to have adopted this name in order to distinguish it from what unfortunately, become the routine cases of war crimes and genocide. When we look at the figures of deaths in the holocaust, we do not even need to examine the way in which many of the victims died, to understand just how horrific the effects of fascism had been.
As named in the stanza before, the Nazis used Gleichschaltung to unify the German empire and all its citizens, in political and social ways as well as private and public lives. Gleichschaltung means coordination or making the same. The term is used to describe that National Socialists tried to coordinate all people to be equal and follow their ideology. All the organizations named above, like the organizations for children Hitler Jugend and Bund Deutscher Mädel were established to bring the citizens of the country together. In those organizations, the people were taught the ideology and concepts of the leaders, so everybody would think and support the same thing, which of course was National Socialism. Within this process of coordination, previous values were changed to the Nazis’ ideology.
It was during the 1920’s to the 1940’s that totalitarian control over the state escalated into full dictatorships, with the wills of the people being manipulated into a set of beliefs that would promote the fascist state and “doctrines”.
The Spanish civil war of 1936-1939 was an important conflict in Spain’s history. This war was initiated by a military revolt led by General Francisco Franco on the 17 July 1936 and ended with Franco’s victory on the 1 April, 1939. This victory resulted in the replacement of the Second Spanish Republic with the conservative dictatorship of Franco. This conflict triggered the clash of the various cultures and ideologies within Spain. One important example of an ideological clash was that of Communism versus Fascism. This clash was so important that, based on an analysis of the level of involvement of Fascist and Communist factions in said clash, one must concede that the conflict between Communism and Fascism was represented to a great degree by the Spanish Civil war.
The goals of these two leaders were also very alike because of their fascist ideas. The keystone of the fascist political system was the leader: every person and every group, every lobby, lay beneath him on the same level. The Italian and German fascist movements tr...
Nazism was the ideology held by the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, commonly called NSDAP or the Nazi Party), which was led by its "Führer", Adolf Hitler. The word Nazism is most often used in connection with the dictatorship of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (the "Third Reich"), and it is derived from the term National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus, often abbreviated NS). Adherents of Nazism held that the Aryan race were superior to other races, and they promoted Germanic racial supremacy and a strong, centrally governed state. Nazism has been outlawed in modern Germany, yet small remnants and revivalists, known as "Neo-Nazis", continue to operate in Germany and abroad.
I have a hard time thinking that anyone could believe the Nazi’s were a moral people. The Nazi people are unparalleled in the level of criminal unjust committed against a group of persons. Nazi’s however did believe they were moral and were justified in their actions. The idea of Nazism was a way of life and one must think, feel, and act as in the best interest of Nazi beliefs. The moral code of the Nazi people was one that followed the idea that Nazi’s were superior, competent, and pure. The moral code included the idea that those under persecution of the Nazi’s were inferior, less morally sound, and must use their tribulations to correct themselves to become a more loyal citizen of the community. One could classify their actions as racism and Social Darwinism. The Nazi people believed in filth and in accordance with the history of what happened in concentration camps, cleansing. Harold Ofstad is quoted of saying, “…The Nazi faith must permeate one’s entire being, penetrate the very core of one’s soul…” The moral code of the Nazi’s can be fairly labeled as a mistake of disastrous proportions, a group of people brainwashed from the strong sense of duty to a dictator’s beliefs, and a stain in history that will never be forgotten. Nazi’s believed that they were superior, they were morally sound in any action they may choose to take, they were justified to correct and or exterminate anyone being that was different from themselves, and that the Nazi belief and code of ethics was a way of life to carry one for eternity and to pass on for future generations. The moral code was one of imperfection, and many flaws that entitled the Nazi people to kill millions of Jews. The thought that the Nazi people were morally sound, or competent for that matter, is one that I hope every sane being can tell is false.
Freedom and equality are intertwined with one another. Freedom is defined as the custom of being free, political independence, and the possession of civil rights. When reflecting upon the history of the twentieth century many people all over the world were not afforded the luxury of being born with freedom or born with equal rights. In most cases, those people were often oppressed or subjugated by various forms of systematic state sponsored authoritarianism and terror. In order to receive the freedom necessary to survive and the equality required to live a happy and successful life the oppressed people had to take action. Often times the action took on various forms such as, revolts or nonviolent campaigns. Because the governments reliance on authoritarianism and terror to control their citizens, often times revolts and/or nonviolent campaigns were the consequence. Therefore, any advances towards gaining freedom and equality cannot happen without some form of systematic state-sponsored authoritarianism and terror taking place first. It is no coincidence because the two phenomena are linked.
Nazism and Fascism where both successful political parties in Europe because of the bullying tactics used by their leaders during a compromising time in Europe. The interwar period of Europe between 1918 and 1939 was a time many European countries encountered uncertainty as Europe struggled to recover from the devastation of the First World War and the destabilizing effects of that loss. Between the end of World War I and the commencement of World War II, the interwar period, many European countries faced dramatic rise in popular support for extreme political values. Of the many political parties that were birthed in that era, Benito Mussolini and the fascism party were widely popular in Italy whereas Adolf Hitler and the