For a business to succeed, the product that is being developed for the commercial or public market has to conform to a number of expectations and standards. For example a product needs to be cost effective but also must sufficiently meet the customers’ expectations and requirements. In the automotive industry one of the factors of paramount importance is the need to be reliable. Risk management is emerging as a crucial step for companies to take to analyse the risk associated with a product and to implement strategies to reduce these risks from affecting the product in its lifespan. Risk management techniques aid in the robustness of manufactured products and can minimise the costs and maintainability. 1.1 Risk Management Risk Management is an increasingly important practice for use in industry and can now be found in the majority of companies. Risk assessment is the processes used to identify, analyse and evaluate risk in a logical and systematic method [1]. The process of using analysis techniques has become so important within a company to improve the quality and safety of products and processes that they now form part of many standards that many companies abide by. In today’s environment, being certified against a set of recognised standards can be invaluable to a company’s success. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) can be applied to various stages of manufacturing and engineering. From the Concept stage to the Design stage and eventually entire systems. The technique is very adaptable and offers similar results when applied to a component, process or entire system. FMEA is not the only method that can be used to evaluate a system. There are a range of different analysis methods to break down the focus. In this proj... ... middle of paper ... ... the combustion chamber in such a way as to maximise the efficiency of combustion. There are 3 main types of injection systems [13]: • Indirect Injection – Fuel delivered into a chamber outside the combustion chamber. • Direct Injection – Fuel delivered directly into combustion chamber. o Common Rail – Pipe situated above the cylinder head continuously filled with pressurised fuel. Injected simply have to release this high pressure fuel into the combustion chamber. o Unit Injectors – Each injector pressurises its own fuel via an extra cam on the camshaft. These can also be electronically controlled as per the injectors on the Delphi website. The most common and advanced injectors on the market at present tend to be unit injectors as these offer the best atomisation and efficiently. However, the most common injection system used is the DI Common rail diesel system.
3.Combustion: As the piston reaches the top of its stroke or TDC, the spark plug fires, igniting the mixture. Due to the high compression of this mixture it is very volatile and it explodes when the spark is introduced. This pushes the piston downward and produces power.
The first type of forced induction system is the turbocharger. A turbocharger is essentially the same as a supercharger, except where they get their power from. A turbocharger is powered by exhaust gasses that have been produced by the engine and are forcing their way through the turbofold, or the exhaust manifold that the turbo is housed in. The exhaust gas pushes its way through the turbocharger and hit the turbine wheel. Vehicles that usually find the need for a turbocharger from the factory are four or six cylinder engines. Standard in most European vehicles such as Mercedes, Audi, Volkswagen and Volvo. These cars are known for their small displacement motors, and great gas efficiency, due to this setup...
...eature in the Softail line for 2001s Twin Cam 88b; carburetion was used on the previous Twin Cam 88 models.
The Injection wells are also used to dispose various types of wastes and to enhance oil recovery in several cases.
Risk assessment ensures that care workers are trained before using any equipment and are competent with usage. Equipment used in carrying out task must be checked before any task, and serviced regularly. Faulty equipment must never be used but
...e fuel and air and then again the sparkplug provides a spark igniting the mixer creating the power stroke sending the piston back down restarting the cycle. This engine has a lot more compression and just takes straight gas and air. With a the oil being completely separated from the gas. This engine was a lot more reliable because it didn’t spin as fast and never got as hot it lasted a lot longer and barely ever need rebuilt. Just maintain like new oil, coolant, and a new spark plug was about all it took to keep these bike running and because they weren’t rebuilt between each race the bike would be no different than the one they had raced in the previous race thus keep the rider more comfortable and more in control of the power of the bike. This lead to faster lap times more safe bikes and in the end a whole new style of racing for the world of Supercross.
There are various reasons why risk assessments are put in place. Risk assessments can be used to assess the environments that we work in, the risks staff may be exposed to, the risks to the individual and the risks of the equipment that is in place. Once the risk assessment process has been completed it will help all concerned to thin about ant potential hazards there may be in the situation or activity and the ways risks to the individual others cane be minimized. Taking risks is part of being able to choose and be in control of your life. It is important that concerns about risks do not get in the way of people living their lives in the way they want to. We must ensure we make the individual aware of all risks for them to be able to make their
“The Fuel & Engine.” Car Bibles. N.p., 15 Dec. 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. .
Two holes in the top of the tank, to charge the reactant and to transfer out the reactant.
Fuel is drawn from the tank by an in-tank or chassis-mounted fuel pump. The fuel pump is the device that draws the fuel from the fuel tank through the fuel lines, to the fuel filter and then to the engine’s carburetor or injectors. There are two types of fuel pumps: mechanical and electrical. The mechanical fuel pump is bolted on the side of the engine block or on the side of the cover of the timing gear.
Preventive maintenance is the base of the entire maintenance strategy for every pharmaceutical industry. One of the frequent problems that PM programs may confront is to maintain equally every equipment or parts involved in the pharmaceutical manufacturing. A safer path is to apply a risk-based approach that separates each equipment or parts of equipment in terms of their direct contact with product and possible defects on possibly affecting product quality [2]. It is useful to apply a risk-based approach to prioritize and organize the documentation needed. PM activities are more vulnerable to risks in the period of time of parts changes, including scheduled shutdowns or special projects. Complete process documentation and operating procedures, including organizational policies should exist for all maintenance activities [2].
Over the past decade, risk and uncertainty have increasingly become major issues which impact business activities. Many organizations are raising awareness to minimize the adverse consequences by implementing the process of Risk Management Framework which plays a significant role in mitigating almost all categories of risks. According to Ward (2005), the objective of risk management is to enhance a company’s performance. In particular, the importance of the framework is to assist top management in developing a sensible risk management strategy and program.
As the first step, identify potential risks plays a crucial role in the risk management process. The core purpose of identifying risk is to figure out causes of risk and analyze result caused by the risks and its probability . Hence, risk identification can begin with the source of problem, or with the problem itself. The chosen method of identifying risk may depend on culture, industry practice and compliance. The identification
Although risk management can be implemented in practically every type of project, this paper focuses mainly on IT projects. Risk management
As the piston rises, the pressure forces the poppet valve closed, and the mixture is compressed. Once the piston reaches its peak, the spark plug fires, igniting the compressed fuel causing the fuel to expand driving the piston downward. The exhaust valve opens after the piston reaches its lowest point. As the piston begins to rise, the exhaust fuel is driven out of the chamber. Large four-stroke engines tend to have more than one cylinder and often feature valves, fuel injectors, and turbochargers (Four Stroke