ABSTRACT: Face recognition has now become one of the interesting field of research and has received a substantial attention of researchers from all over the world. Face recognition techniques has been widely used in the field of image analysis, image processing, etc. One of the face recognition techniques is used to develop a face recognition system to detect a human face in an image. In face recognition system a digital image with a human face is given as an input which extracts the significant features of face such as (eyes, nose, chin, cheeks, etc) to detect the face in an image which is a difficult task. Security of information is very salient feature and is difficult to achieve. Security cameras are present in offices, universities, banks, …show more content…
A face recognition technique involves identification of faces and then comparing it with the images in the database. Human beings can easily distinguish the human face on the basis of various factors. But it is difficult to develop such a computer system which can imitate human capabilities of recognition and detection of a face in a digital image. In recent years we can see that researches related to face recognition have been escalating, and this is so because of the need of security in various areas. Person’s identification is most important for the purpose of security. We can identify a person through its identity cards, passwords, person identity numbers (PINs), etc. But identity cards can be easily stolen or misplaced, passwords and PINs can be forgotten. However persons biological features can never change, misplaced or stolen. So, face recognition technology can solve this problem since a face of a person is undeniably connected to a person only except in the case of twins. For the security purpose biometric techniques gives better results than the identity cards, passwords, etc. Various biometric techniques comprises of fingerprint impression, iris detection, DNA detection and face recognition. Among all Face recognition is most challenging and strenuous area in this …show more content…
It is also known as haar cascade algorithm, this algorithm detect a face in an image on the basis of various features like eyes, nose, upper body, lower body. A system is designed by giving input some faces and some non-faces and training a classifier. This classifier is known as haar cascade classifier. Now a cascade classifier is something that tells what we have to look in an image for detecting a face. For example, if we are distinguishing whether a person is overweight or not, then weight is the feature that is to be considered not their age or skin color [1]. So we basically train a classifier to detect a face. The data is then stored in a file in the system. So later on we can a detect a face by referring to that trained
Biometrics-based authentication applications include workstation, network, and domain access, single sign-on, application logon, data protection, remote access to resources, transaction security and Web security (Campbell, 1995). Utilized alone or integrated with other technologies such as smart cards, encryption keys and digital signatures, biometrics are set to pervade nearly all aspects of the economy and our daily lives (Campbell, 1995). Among the features measured are; face, fingerprints, hand geometry, iris, and voice (Campbell, 1995).
but is also limited by other factors: Limited Processing Power, Limited Memory [1]. To implement face recognition based authentication for incoming calls on mobile, existing algorithms suffers from recognition time and Accuracy Tradeoff i.e. increasing robustness will increase the time of reco...
The term biometrics is commonly known as the field of development of statistical and mathematical methods applicable to data analysis problems in the biological sciences. Though, even more recently it has taken on a whole new definition. Biometrics is an amazing new topic referring to “the emerging field of technology devoted to the identification of individuals using biological traits, based on retinal or iris scanning, fingerprints, or face recognition”. Biometrics has already begun using applications that range from attendance tracking with a time clock to security checkpoints with a large volume of people. The growing field of biometrics has really been put on the map by two things, the technological advances made within the last 20 years, and the growing risk of security and terrorism among people all over the world. In this paper I will focus on: the growing field of biometrics, why it is important to our future, how the United States government has played a role in its development and use, the risks involved, the implications on public privacy, and further recommendations received from all over the science and technology field.
Biometrics is, “the automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity (biometricgroup.com, 2014).”16 The purpose of the paper is to provide information about different forms of Biometrics. With the ever increasing threat of terrorism at home and abroad, biometrics is emerging as a way to increase security across the world. It is important to point out current issues dealing with Biometrics and how they relate to people that may one day have to use them.
A biometric recognition system can be used with a number of physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprint, palmprint, hand geometry, face, iris, ear shape, and retina vein) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice, signature and keystroke dynamics) to provide automatic identification of individuals based on their inherent physical and /or behavioral characteristics. Among these biometrics, iris recognition is one of the most accurate and reliable biometric for identification because of following characteristics (i) Iris pattern has complex and distinctive pattern such as arching ligaments, crypts, corona, freckles, furrows, ridges, rings and a zigzag collarette [1]. (ii) possess 266 degrees-of-freedom in variability and uniqueness in the order of one in 1072 [2].
Face perception is when someone is able to analyze and interpret the face, mainly the human face. In this particular case, the perception is in regards to infants. Recognition is defined in a similar manner. It is when something has been previously seen or heard. Face perception during early infancy (Article 7) by Mondloch, Lewis, Budreau, Maurer, Dannemiller, Stephens, and Gathercoal does a great job explaining young infants face perception and recognition. In this article, the researchers decided to conduct an experiment on newborns, 6-week-olds, and 12-week-olds. They used a standardized method, which was called the Teller Acuity card procedure. This procedure was when an observer did not know what was presented each trial and tried to see if the infants preferred one of the stimuli, or cards, over another. There were five cards in total. Three were the experimental cards and two were the control, or tester, cards. For the experimental cards, one card consisted of a config and its inversion. A config is an outline of a head shape and it has three black dots inside the shape forming a set of eyes and mouth. The inversion is when the “config” is flipped upside down. The second card consisted of a spectrum of a face and its’ amplitude spectrum. The amplitude spectrum was like the opposite. It was a fuzzy spectrum and you couldn’t see a face. The third card consisted of a positive and negative contrast face. One of the faces was a positive contrast and the other face was a negative contrast. For the control cards, these cards were used to test the validity of the card procedure and it tested every age. Both of the cards consisted of wide black and white ...
Hirayama, T., Iwai, Y., & Yachida, M. (2007, May). Integration of facial position estimation and person identification for face authentication [Electronic Version]. Systems & Computers in Japan, 38(5), 43-58.
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
Feature extraction on the basis of principle lines: Any palm print have several principal lines in it, on the basis of these feature extraction is quiet useful for recognition and extraction of palm print recognition system.
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
[6] Rala M. Ebied,” Feature Extraction using PCA and Kernel-PCA for Face Recognition”, in The 8th International Conference on INFOrmatics and Systems Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Computing Track , 2012 ,pp mm72-mm77
Biometric technology is used for the ways humans can be identified by unique aspects of their bodies, such as fingerprints, body odor, our voices and many more. If one was to think about privacy rights, he/she would be concerned about the widespread adoption of these systems, since such systems could easily be used to develop a record of known rebellious people and/or dangerous criminals, to be used for social control purposes. Although that may seem pretty good and a positive thing for the society, one should take into account of the defects and errors of technology. Of the many biometrics technologies that are being developed and are already developed, facial recognition is one of the most threatening because it can be deployed secretly; one may not know whether or when they can be caught in a surveillance camera for such facial recognition biometrics. Additionally, tests have found that the miscalculations for facial biometrics technologies are very high. As a result, according to Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, innocent people can be erroneously identified as dangerous criminals and actual dangerous criminals and/or suspected terrorists can fail to be detected overall, allowing for a huge injustice and unfairness. Privacy rights concerned with biometrics have sparked a concern and should be dealt with; otherwise, this is just one of the
In 3.1 sections, if the background colour has the same skin pixel with the human face, it will certainly become a problem in detecting human face. So in this step, we not only prepare eyes, nose and mouth data sets but also for the face to increase the accuracy in detecting face.
The Standardization has emerged to provide a common software interface, which allowed sharing of biometric templates and evaluation of different biometric technologies from multiple vendors, doing this will definitely increase identification process and security purposes. “To be secure the private key must be protected from compromise and the private key must be portable. The solution to these problems is to store the private key on a smart card and protect it with a biometric.” (Vacca, 2007), one of the more challenging research areas involves using biometrics for
“The term -information security- means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction” (United States Code, 2008). In order to ensure the identity of who is trying to access the information, the concept of “Biometric Technology” has been developed in the last years. This essay will start explaining this concept and the characteristics of its development through the time. Then, the essay will offer a brief explanation of biometric systems operation and a description of different biometric systems developed until now. Finally, this research analyzes the current and future applications and the issues that surround it.