A microbial fuel cell (MFC) or biological fuel cell is a bio-electrochemical system that drives a current by using bacteria, and mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. (2) This assignment focuses on creating a microbiological fuel cell to create and obtain low voltage electricity by using six different sugars (Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose, Galactose) and dry yeast as the micro-organism instead of bacteria. To generate electrical energy through oxidation of biodegradable organic matter the microbiological cell uses a biochemical oxidation process. This happens in the presence of a biocatalyst. There are many advantages in using microbiological fuel cells. For example the most significant advantage is that they use organic materials to produce electricity. Another advantage is that highly regulated distributions are not required like the ones required by the hydrogen fuel cells. The microbiological cells also have higher conversion efficiency than the enzymatic cells and around 90% of the electrons are harvested by them from the bacterial electron transport system (3). This topic has aroused my interest as now around the world, using fossil fuels to produce electricity is depleted and other alternatives are considered,which would create lower amount of greenhouse gases, and also because microbial fuel cells represent a clean and renewable energy source.I was also fascinated when we did chapter 9 of our syllabus which is oxidation and reduction I was so enthusiastic to see if there is another way of producing low voltage electricity without using electrodes and their salts/electrolytes. My aim in this experiment is to discover“How different types of sugar (Glucose,Fructose,Sucrose,Maltose and Galactose) used in a mi... ... middle of paper ... ... Control Variables. Dependent Variable: • Voltage Independent Variables: • Types of sugar Control Variables: • Concentration of the solution that was made. • Temperature of solutions: Methylene blue, sugar, yeast, potassium hexacyanoferrate (III). • Amount of Sugar, yeast, methylene blue, potassiumhexacyanoferrate (III), and buffer solution. • The length of the wire. • Setting up the fuel cell without yeast / sugar to check if it still gives any voltage. • Time The list of Apparatuses and materials used and how to setup them can be found in appendices. (Appendix 2) Since I am making a 0.1 Mconcentration, I will need 0.001 moles of each sugar. Therefore, the Number of moles × molecular mass = mass of the sugars in grams in 10 mL of distilled water (with uncertaintyof ±0.2 mL on the graduated cylinder) Shown below are the values obtained after the calculations:
Investigating the Effect of Sucrose Concentration on the Conversion into Glucose and Fructose by Invertase
The purpose of this investigation is to test the effects of multiple sugar substances on the respiration of yeast. Most people think of yeast when they think of what makes bread rise, cheese, alcoholic beverages, or other food products. Another type of yeast can also cause yeast infections, an infection of the skin. Yeasts (Saccharomyces) are tiny, microscopic organisms with a thin membrane and are usually oval or circular-shaped. They are a type of single-celled fungi of the class Ascomycetes, capable of processing sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ; this process is known as fermentation. Fermentation and the products are the main focus points for this experiment being that cellular respiration of yeasts happens via the process of fermentation, which creates by-products of alcohol and CO2. The level of CO2 produced by the yeasts will show how effective each sugar substance is in providing cellular energy for the yeasts.
In the search engine “Google dictionary” the author announces, “Fuel cell: a cell producing an electric current directly from a chemical reaction.” Fuel cells were thought of in 1839 by Sir William Grove who was known as “Father of the Fuel Cell.” In the article “History of
A fuel cell is mainly used to provide electricity from chemical reactions. It harnesses the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity without combustion one of the basic types of fuel cells is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). This section will give a general description of its parts, how do they function and the material they are consisted of.
The ability of women to have equal rights in the United States has long been a debated issue. A right addressed by international law, until recently, has not been given to American women, while some critics believe women still do not have equal rights to this day. However, elsewhere, women of other countries, i.e. Saudi Arabia, face far less rights then the women of America. To fully understand the many factors involved in the fight for equal rights for women in America, the purpose of this anthropological investigation is to answer the following research question: Did the cultural traits and processes of cultural change for American women inflicted by the World War II era allow them to achieve social and economic equality in the United States?
By taking a Carbon Dioxide, rich substance and mixing it with a yeast, solution fermentation will occur, and then it could be determined if it is a good energy-producer. In this study glacatose, sucrose, glycine, glucose, and water were used to indicate how fast fermentation occurred. The overall result shows that monosaccharides in particular galactose and glucose were the best energy source for a cell.
Fuel cells could create new markets for steel, electronics, electrical and control industries and other equipment suppliers. They could provide tens of thousands of high-quality jobs and reduce trade deficits.
No. of moles of KHP = Mass of KHP used / Molar mass = 0.41 g
Overall, the advantages of lithium-ion batteries outweigh the disadvantages, thus making it a great candida...
A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction of positively charged hydrogen ions with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a continuous source of fuel and oxygen or air to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemicals present in the battery react with each other to generate an electromotive (emf). Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as these inputs are supplied.
The fuel cell manufactured by Ballard Power Systems is fuel cell that requires hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity. The fuel cell itself consists of two flow field plates, and two thin sheets of catalysts with a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) in between (see Figure 1). The hydrogen is fed in through one plate and oxygen collected from the air in another – on either side of the membrane. Of the two electrodes on is the anode and the other is the cathode. The hydrogen reaches the ano...
Hydrogen fuel cells are an alternative source of energy. Unlike fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel cells have no direct negative effects on the environment. A hydrogen fuel cell works by combining hydrogen molecules with oxygen molecules to produce water and energy. A catalyst, like platinum, splits the hydrogen molecules into protons and neutrons to combine with the oxygen. The hydrogen molecules are fed through an anode, while the oxygen molecules are fed through a cathode. The molecules combine in a central chamber to form water. The water is released from the top of the chamber, and the energy is released from the bottom.
Bushby, Lisa. "Hydrogen Fuel Cells." : Energy of the Future (EnvironmentalChemistry.com). N.p., 22 Aug. 2006. Web. 04 Sept. 2013.
...croorganisms present in wastewater as the anodic solution obtained from different sources made me to understand that microbes present in domestic as well as industrial waste can even be proved beneficial if they are tapped for electricity generation. Such results were based on the preliminary experiments which need further research in the field . I did it on laboratory level and at the end could generate enough electrical energy to light a bulb or to run a calculator for a few hours to a day.
Energy, especially from fossil fuels, is a key ingredient for all sectors of a modern economy and plays a fundamental role in improving the quality of life in less developed economies. In 2007, India is ranked fifth in the world in terms of energy demand; accounting for 3.6% of total energy consumed, and is expected to grow at 4.8% in the future. India imports 70% of the oil it uses, and the country has been hit hard by the increasing price of oil, uncertainty and environmental hazards that are concerned with the consumption of fossil fuels. In such context, bio energy constitutes a suitable alternative source of energy for India, as large amounts of raw material are available to be harnessed.