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Tourette syndrome research paper
Research paper on tourette's syndrome
Research paper on tourette's syndrome
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Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder first described by a French physician named Georges Gilles de la Tourette, in 1885. Tourette syndrome (TS) consists of varies abrupt, rapid, involuntary, and repeated movements or vocal sounds, known as tics. “Until 1970, TS was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy, or nervous habits,” concluding that this mental disorder is extremely rare and has similar characteristics as other mental disorders (Kahn and Fawcett 375). Since there is no specific test that can diagnose TS, doctors have to rely on a person’s behaviors and personal history to identify the disorder. About one person in two thousand people is likely to have TS; additionally males are four times more likely to have TS than females. Though the exact origins of TS are unknown and there is no known way to prevent it, numerous scientists believe that TS is an effect of a chemical disproportion in the brain or a genetically inherited disorder.
Symptoms of TS mostly begin during childhood ages of seven through ten. Some of the factors that increase the risk of a person having TS are having a family history of the disorder or other tic disorders, and or a premature birth. It can affect people of all races and ethnicity. Motor tics usually start to appear prior to the vocal tics. Even though there is no cure to the disease, a person can live an extremely normal life span with TS, and people with TS do not need any special treatments unless the symptoms are bothersome. Many times children often outgrow TS after their adolescence. Victims of TS often use medications to reduce the frequent outbursts of their tics. Tics can be categorized in two ways: simple tics and complex tics. The simp...
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...ce is needed to operate a healthy body, thus everyone should always practice these behaviors even if they suffer from a mental disorder, like Tourette syndrome.
Works Cited
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Dr. Temple Grandin once said “I am different, not less.” Throughout all her high school years Temple Grandin was constantly teased just because she had autism. She could not control her autism and had no choice in the matter; but to the outside world, Temple Grandin had autism and thats all that mattered to them. She was labeled as the “autistic girl,” and to her, it seemed like not a single person viewed her in any other way.
Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics usually starting in childhood and often accompanied by poor impulse control (Chiu, 2013, p.405). The disorder is named for Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, the pioneering French neurologist who in 1885 first described the condition in an 86-year-old French woman (ninds.nih.gov, 2013). Tourette syndrome was once considered to be a rare a condition that causes a person to make repeated, quick movements or sounds that they cannot control. These movements or sounds are called tics, but this symptom is only present in a minority of cases.
One out of every 360 children have Tourettes. Tourette’s is a neurological disorder, which means that it takes place in the nervous system. It affects males three to four times more than females. There’s no exact known reason as to why. Symptoms begin at ages three to nine, and typically, the first sign is excessive blinking. This
In recent years researchers have made significant advances in the field and have come up with many neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medications to treat the disorder. However along with these medical breakthroughs problems have occurred. The most severe side effect is called Tardive Dyskinesia, literally meaning "late movement disorder." (1) Coined in 1964, it is identified by the involvement of numerous "abnormal, involuntary movements of the orofacial area or extremities." . (2) More specifically, it is characterized by rocking, twisting, jerking, toe tapping, lip smacking, blinking, and most commonly an unusual movement of the tongue. . (1) (2)(3). Interestingly enough, these side effects disappear during sleep. (3)
Tourette’s syndrome is a disorder where the affected individual will consistently exhibit “tics”. In the majority of cases these ticks are minor in character, it may just be the urge to blink, or make certain facial gestures. Less than 15% of individuals exhibit coprolalia, which is the unwarranted exclamations of profanities or other socially forbidden remarks. Perhaps those in our generation who are aware of Tourette’s syndrome have learned its symptoms through pop culture, which has glamorized (to some extent) the more severe cases of Tourette’s syndrome in YouTube videos or the animated satire of South Park. Most with Tourette’s syndrome have been diagnosed 5-8 years in childhood and experience the waning of the number and severity of tics by the time the graduate high school. For the most part, Tourette’s syndrome alone will not prevent an individual from success in the institutions of society, as it doesn’t affect the intelligence or capability of individuals. These cases, often called pure TS cases, are usually the exception. More often than not, sufferers of Tourette’s syndrome are more limited socially by common comorbid conditions like obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
Education is a powerful tool. The conference provided lessons beyond Asperger's Syndrome. "The more you learn about one disability, the more you learn about the nature of all disabilities."
N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD." NIMH RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
Burton, Neel, MD. "The 10 Personality Disorders." Psychology Today. Sussex Publishers, LLC, 29 May 2012. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. .
The next thing I would like to talk about is the deaf actress Marley Matlin. Marlee Matlin was talked about in the last paragraph but she had such a large impact in deaf acting that she needs to be talked about more.
Kutscher, M. (2005). Kid’s in the syndrome mix of ADHD, LD, Asperger’s, Tourette’s, Bipolar, and More! London, England: Jessica Kingsley.
Due to the intense nature of the physical symptoms of PD and its impact of one’s life, various researchers has identified different contributory factors of this disorder. Some studies indicated hyperventilation, over activity in the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system, interceptive classical conditioning, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations and safety behaviors are potential factors of PD (Davey, 2014). While, other researchers have stated PD is possibly caused by genetic predisposition, abnormalities in serotonin, and early developmental factors (Sansone et al., 1998). As the etiology of PD remains unknown and further studies are being conducted, it is agreed upon the mental health community that biological, psychological and cognitive factors contribute to the etiology and maintenance of PD.
Tourette's syndrome is a hereditary movement disorder. Its symptoms are by multiple motor and vocal tics (repeated muscle contractions). It is during the childhood and adolescence in which Tourette’s syndrome and its symptoms develop, usually between the ages...
The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992. Print.
...chiatric Association. (2012). “Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders” (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
According to Elias, Binit, and Shah (2014) it is estimated the 10 million to 20 million Americans suffers from ET and 6.3 % of the population is affected worldwide. The average age of onset is 52, but can present at ages greater than 60 and as young as 8 years old. Males are minimally affected more than women and there is no discrimination related to the patients’ race. ETs is a progressive disease that can negatively impact patients’ gross motor skill such as writing, getting dressed, cooking meals, fine motor skills such as writing thus causing distress at home and in the work environment. This disease can have a great impact on the patient mental health resulting from co...