CHAPTER 5
RESULT & DISCUSSION
The proposed 3-D DWT algorithm based on 9/7 Daubechies Filter using lifting scheme is designed and implemented using Active-HDL version 12.1 of Xilinx design tools. The entire code is written in VHDL and compilation of code is done on same simulator or on the ModelSim SE 6.2c Simulator. The whole code is developed using structural based design to tailor the hardware utilization and delay at each step.
In case of 1-D DWT, one pixel per clock cycle is taken as input. As soon as five pixels are taken as input, the x-coordinate processor (shown in Fig. 3.5) starts working. Although total nine pixels are required for generation of coefficient set (i.e., one high pass and one low pass) but because of applied boundary extension, the x-coordinate processor starts processing after eleven clock cycles. In this case, because of boundary extension, the left hand side extended (two pixel) data is same as that of right hand side are zeros.
From Equation (3.1)-(3.6), shows that we have to design D Flip-Flop, Floating Point Multipliers for lifting coefficients α, β, γ and δ and scaling coefficient ζ and Floating Point Adder for designing and implementing of 1-D DWT in Xilinx 12.1 tool in VHDL and also compilation and simulation is done on same simulator or on ModelSim SE 6.2c Simulator.
Here we first show the result of simulation of the D Flip-flop for the one delay of the input signal of X [n] shown in Fig. 5.1.
Fig. 5.1 Waveform of D Flip-Flop
Fig. 5.2 shows the result of splitting the input data into even and samples, where X[n] is a 32-bit input data and z_even[n] are even samples and z_odd[n] are odd samples of the input data.
Fig. 5.2 Waveform of Even and Odd samples
Now, we show the result of simulation r...
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...ss and low pass coefficient sets).
Fig. 5.15 Waveform of 3-D DWT input signals
Fig. 5.16 Waveform of 3-D DWT LLL output signals
Fig. 5.17 Waveform of 3-D DWT LLH output signals
Fig. 5.18 Waveform of 3-D DWT LHL output signals
Fig. 5.19 Waveform of 3-D DWT LHH output signals
Fig. 5.20 Waveform of 3-D DWT HLL output signals
Fig. 5.21 Waveform of 3-D DWT HLH output signals
Fig. 5.22 Waveform of 3-D DWT HHL output signals
Fig. 5.23 Waveform of 3-D DWT HHH output signals
Fig. 5.15 is shown for the input waveforms of 8x8x8 3-D block in which a to h are the different planes in the z-direction and 0 to 7 are the different raws of different planes. Now, from the above figures, Fig. 5.16 to Fig.5.23 are represent the output waveforms different coefficients like LLL, LLH, LHL, LHH, HLL, HLH, HHL & HHH respectevely which are the outputs of 3-D DWT processor.
This preprocessing step is done before the considered two cases of not split table traffic amounts and the split table traffic amounts. It includes the network topology design as follows:
You may assume operations in the following table where x, y, z are registers; A is a
Alireza F., Trong T.D., Chedjou J.C., and Kyamakya K. New Computational Modeling for Solving Higher Order ODE based on FPGA. Alpen-Adria University of Klagenfurt, Austria, 1-5, 2012.
Weng, Y., Kuo, K.N., Yang, C., Lo, H., Chen, C., & Ya-Wen, C. (2013). Implementation
...t, context switch and effects of various history register lengths- due to the increasing interference in the branch history the IHRT scheme performs the best and according to the simulations, it is evident that increasing the history register length often improves the prediction accuracy and effect of context switch- uses the BHT to keep track of branch history, the table needs to be flushed during a context switch are portrayed. On comparison, best predictors gave 94.4% accuracy whereas two-level predictors pushed it to 97%, the other 3% was still substantial miss rate and current version of simple scalar gives 98.8% hit rate.
Three dimensional motion capture requires more than one camera to create depth in the motion being performed. A good example is eyesight. If someone where unfortunate enough to only have one eye they would be unable to see the 3-D depth in motion. Having two eyes allows for depth in motion when seeing, which is similar to the idea of using two cameras in order to fully capture the depth in motion. One of the few techniques discovered and used in 3-D motion capture is Direct Linear Transform (DLT). Using the idea that, images from the cameras are determined by their placement to discover their distances, equations could be formed and used. Test subjects wear reflective markers to allow the cameras to follow their movement and motion through space. These reflective markers are placed on certain joins and parts of the body the researcher would like to study. The reflective markers ca...
In 3D ultrasounds, the computer takes multiple two-dimensional images at various angles and arranges them to form a three-dimensional
Later then Daniel Carr found Tufte’s variation to be substantially less accurate than the original, so he proposed a colourful variation designed to be tightly linked, so that each box plot appears a single object, not a collection of lines. Tukey is also a creator of several methods: Trimean Median-median line which is an easier alternative to linear regression. He is particularly remembered for his development with James Cooley of the Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm. FFTs became popular after James Cooley of and John Tukey of Princeton published a paper in 1965 reinventing the algorithm and describing how to perform it conveniently on a computer. The Cooley–Tukey algorithm is fast Fourier transform algorithm. It re-expresses the discrete Fourier transform of an arbitrary composite size in terms of smaller discrete Fourier transform of sizes
Figure 2.4 shows A Digital clock signal used for synchronize different part of circuit. It has only two values, high and low. A word, “clock” used in this report means the...
Basic Mathematics for Electronics seventh edition: Nelson M. Cooke, Herbert F.R Adams, Peter B. Dell, T. Adair Moore; Copyright 1960
...e amid these interfaces. The contraption will understand these waves as parallel lines alongside equal distances amid them, and cut density for the deeper lines, because the imitated waves come to be softly lesser in number. This aftermath in a stripped outline possessing alternating dark and clear lines at usual intervals [Figure 5].[6]
Mathias, Craig. “Dumb and Dumber”. Electronic Engineering Times 1176 (Fall 2001). ) Academic Search Premier. Colorado State U lib. 5 March, 2003. http://search.epnet.com>
The 16*2 LCD mean it can display 16 characters in one line as their are 2 lines. In the LCD each character are displayed in the 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD have two registers, that are Command and Data. A command register stores the command instructions given to LCD. A command is the instruction given to LCD to do predefined task like initializing, clearing screen, setting cursor position etc. The data register stores an data to be displayed on an LCD. The data is ASCII value for the character which is be displayed on the LCD.
The SWOT analysis is a useful tool for identifying our personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to our plans and goals. According to a “Fuel My Motivation” article (2010), this analysis considers internal influences that can positively or negatively affect our ability to achieve our goals. The internal factors are our strengths and weaknesses. Also considered are opportunities and threats, which are external influences that can have a positive or negative impact on the ability to achieve our goals. I will share how the self-assessment instruments and self-exercises in this course have contributed to assessing and understanding my strengths and weaknesses. I will also discuss techniques I will use to leverage my strengths and understand my weaknesses. In addition, I will consider opportunities that I can take advantage of and the threats that can possibly impede my progress.
When electronic devices transfer information to another electronic device, the devices need to know when data flow is beginning and ending. This is done with signals for synchronization.i