Explain The Modern Virtue Theory

Modern Western Ethics is comprised of four main theories: (1) the Virtue Theory ( i.e., Virtue Ethics), which is commonly associated with Aristotle, (2) Deontology (or the Duty Based Theory), usually referred to with Immanuel Kant, (3) Consequentialism (more commonly referred to as Utilitarianism), defended by John Stuart Mill, and (4) the Feminist Theory (also referred to as Care Ethics), which was developed by feminists, such as Virginia Held, in the nineteenth century. Each theory or practice differs in its own way and has been utilized by different philosophers over the course of their advancement. The theories often contradict one another, which allows different insights into the world of Ethics along with the thought and minds of those who developed the theories.
The Virtue Theory was made popular by Greek philosopher Aristotle and is still often followed today. Aristotle strongly believed in the morality of “being” (rather than the contrasting morality of “doing”) which aims for a substantial moral character. As a result of this thinking, the Virtue Theory is based solely on one’s individual character. It stresses the significance of one’s character as a fundamental component of their ethical and moral thought process.

The Duty Based Theory was made widely popular by German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who is extensively considered to be one of the most central figures of modern philosophy, though criticized for his influence on German philosophical views on moral patients during World War Two. Rather than focusing on the morality of “being”, as the Virtue Theory does, the Duty Based Theory focuses on the morality of “doing”. This aims to increase happiness to its most intense, maximum level, which is also seen in Utilitarianism as well. It focuses less on what one actually is (i.e., their internal moral character) and more on what they act on (i.e., following