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Racial discrimination in the justice system
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Snowden, Masland, Wallace, and Fawley (2009) examined if ethnic minority youth receiving supplemental managed care decrease the propensity for their need to obtain emergency or crisis care and if minority’s decrease were more than that of Whites. According to the article, Associating Supplemental Case Management Activities with Ethnic Minority Children’s Reduced Use of Psychiatric Emergency Services minority children and adolescents inflicted with poverty perform poorly in school and more often immersed in criminal justice and child welfare systems than their White counterparts. Given socioeconomic hardship, discrimination – both, past and present – and a disregard for cultural dynamics, educational, societal, and the justice systems are commonly viewed warily by minority families. Minority families from institutions where children are involved are only further isolated because they usually lack proficiency in English and may also be unsure of their immigration status.
Snowden et. al (2009) suggests that supplemental case management may be able to help improve minority youth treatment and perhaps resolve real world difficulties (pg. 118). Research has shown that minority youths emergency services frequently which is said to be problematic. In a study comparison emergency care indicated use disparities for minorities and Whites. Whereas, Whites, Asian American, Native American, and Black youth were disproportionately larger for hospital-based crisis services targeting with the most severe crises, and that Blacks were largely disproportionate in community-based crisis services as well. It was also shown that Black children and adolescents visited mental health emergency services than all ethnicities Therefore, it is reasonable to...
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...management groups on SES, participants’ clinical, and behavioral variables and supplementing their use of prior care (Snowden, Masland, Wallace, & Fawley, 2009).
Works Cited
ranko, D. L., Thompson-Brenner, H., Thompson, D. R., Boisseau, C. L., Davis, A., Bryson, S. W., . . . Wilson, G. T. (2012). Racial/ethnic differences in adults in randomized clinical trials of binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(2), 186-95. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026700
Leary, M. R. (2012). Introduction to behavioral research methods (6th ed.). Pearson Education .
Snowden, L. R., Masland, M. C., Wallace, N., & Fawley, K. (2009). Associating supplemental case management activities with ethnic minority children’s reduced use of psychiatric emergency services. Psychological Services, 6(2), 117-125. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.103
The elimination of disparities in mental health care among ethnic, racial and underprivileged populations, specifically minorities remains a challenge amongst mental health care workers and medical professionals. Many minority areas are more impoverished, rely on government assistance and have a higher incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, chronic diseases, and injuries compare to any other ethnicity. In recent studies there are strategies to help eliminate disparities in mental health care, such as improving health care access, quality, offering diverse mental health workforce, providers, and patient education. These are just several strategies that can help assist in disparities. The goal is to reduce or eliminate racial, ethnic and socioeconomic health inequalities that affect minorities.
Unlike cultural competence, Anti- racism and the Anti-oppression framework has a clear focus, to directly address oppressive practices, and privilege in large institutions. In the “ More than being against it: Anti– racism and Anti –oppression in mental health services “ the authors Simon Corneau and Vicky Stergiopouls, identify seven strategies of the anti-racism and anti-oppression that should be employed when practicing direct service with clients. These seven strategies are "empowerment, education, alliance building, language, alternative, healing strategies, advocacy, social justice/activism, and fostering reflexivity” (Corneau & Stergiopoulos, 2012). The goal of using these seven strategies with clients is to engage the client in the process of care by recognizing the strengths and knowledge that the client brings to the relationship and honoring the idea that there is a racial feature of oppression that is inherent in the dynamics of the client clinician relationships. For example, the use of this practice in my current job with the Family Drug Courts could have a profound effect on the outcomes for both parents and children involved in the program. One example is the case of a 28-year-old mother of three that was separated from her children because of her drug addiction. This parent had an extensive history of trauma,
The Latino community, from immigrating to United States born Latinos are often known to be depressed. Depression is a medical illness that causes a constant feeling of sadness and lack of interest, it affects how the person feels, behaves and thinks. Many Latinos rely on their extended family, community, traditional healers, or churches for help during a health crisis. As a result, many Latinos with mental illnesses often go without professional mental treatment. But why is it that Latinos are so reluctant to receiving help? Sheila Dichoso states that, “there are only 29 Latino mental-health professionals for every 100,000 Latinos in the United States, compared to 173 non-Hispanic white providers per 100,000 non-Hispanic whites.” Coming along this information completely amazed me, knowing that there is a vast difference between Latino and non-Hispanic white mental health providers is shocking.
Piedra, L.M., Andrade, C.D., & Larrison, C.R. (2011). Building response capacity: The need for universally available language services. In L.P. Buki, & L.M. Piedra (Eds.), Creating Infrastructures for Latino Mental Health, Part 1 (pp. 55-75). New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media, LLC. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419- 9452-3_3
“In studies comparing the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in whites, African Americans, and Latinos, higher rates of depression, depressive symptoms, and diagnosed mental illness were found in Latinos (Radloff, 1977; Vernon & Roberts, 1982).” Within the Latino community, there are several risk factors leading to these mental illnesses. Some of those include socioeconomic factors, acculturation, and acculturative stress. Although this is the case, there is an underutilization of mental health services by Latinos which is of growing concern. There are several barriers that Latino’s experience when seeking counseling or therapy for mental illness. According to Sue and Sue’s Barriers to Multicultural Counseling and Therapy, effective counselors
System serves children with slightly less intensive mental health needs who are transitioning from group care back to a family or who are “at risk” of disrupting in their current family based setting. Both programs require a willingness to participate on the part of the child and family, if one has been
The cultural competence training (CCT) can be a basic requirement for mental health professionals working with culturally diverse children in the school-based setting. The CCT implementation may improve the quality of school-based mental health intervention providing and its strategies for East Asian immigrant children. For providing the CCT strategy among school professionals, who directly implement mental health interventions among immigrant children, I think obtaining opinions is worth to understand its necessity and feasibility. So, I may listen opinions from collaborative team members that would be mental health professionals, community individuals, and family members who have various perspectives and knowledge.
NASMHPD. (2014, Accessed April 27). Retrieved from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM DIRECTORS: http://www.nasmhpd.org/About/AOMultiStateDisaster.aspx
African American (A.A) students in Alameda County are at risk of experiencing the negative health outcome from stress and anxiety. One third of A.A. live in high poverty neighborhoods in California (California Department of Community Services and Development, 2016). “Poverty cycles” create poor education and poor neighborhoods that lead to legal and justice inequalities, which led to stress, chronic health issues, and homelessness (California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs, 2013).
Harrison-Hale, A. O., McLoyd, V.C., & Smedley, B. (2004). Racial and ethnic status: Risk and protective processes among African-American families. Investing in children, families, and communities. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
One important aspect relatively untouched in our main textbook is the racial identity development of helping professionals, especially the level of racial consciousness of the minority therapist and how it may impact that of the client of color. But it is equally important for counselors of color to consider their own racial consciousness and how it may interact with a client from their own group. A culturally competent counselor needs to be cognizant of and to understand how sociopolitical factors influence and shape identity. Identity development is not solely due to cultural differences but to how the differences are perceived in our society. The R/ CID framework reminds therapists of several important clinical imperatives like how within-group differences are very important to acknowledge in clients of color because not all members of a racial/ cultural group are the same. Depending on their levels of racial consciousness, the attitudes, beliefs, and orientations of clients of color may be quite different from one another. (Gone,
In recent years racial disparities in health status have received increasing attention. The relationship between race, poverty, and health is complex. Something to consider is that people suffering from mental illness and members of minority racial populations are disproportionately concentrated in high-poverty areas.(Chun-Chung Chow) Disparities in health status in these areas are believed to reflect a lack of access to care because of an absence of insurance coverage, a tendency to attribute certain health concerns to religious and culturally sanctioned belief systems, and a shortage of culturally compatible health care providers. (Chun-Chung Chow) Because of the lesser access to medical treatments Blacks and Hispanics ...
To address the disparities in mental health agencies, Barksdale et al., (2014) wrote a paper that explores how the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service’s National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) in Health and Health Care could be utilized by mental health agencies. The concern is that in some mental health agencies, there is a disconnected gap to understanding the cultural needs of the diverse population and it is causing a negative reflection in the agencies as well as in its providers. Furthermore, there is a lack of consideration and respect for clients’ cultural beliefs (Barksdale et al., 2014). With the incorporation of culturally and linguistically competent practices, increased client satisfaction,
Kaeden is a three-year-old Biracial male who attended the intake assessment with his parents and younger siblings. Due to current concerns with Kaeden’s behavior the father referred him to Children’s Advocacy Network. Reportedly, Kaeden has no previous diagnosis, nor has received mental health services. The father reported concerns with Kaeden “hitting” his older siblings, being “cruel” with animals, becomes “defiant”, becomes “mean” to people “especially women”, “does not take anything seriously”, “rages”, “lashes out”, “charges people”, becomes “argumentative” with older siblings and parents. The father reported that the client goes into neighbors’ cars and “steals” things out of their cars. The father explained that the client while “playing”
In other words, socioeconomic status serves as an impediment to seeking out clinical care for mental disorders. The mental health of low SES individuals is more negatively impacted with lack of utilization. Educational attainment, marital status, and accessibility of financial resources are the main factors that contribute to this disparity (Thurston & Phares 2008). Since many ethnic minorities tend to be of lower SES, they experience a higher likelihood of underutilization of mental health services. With that being said, the specific barriers that inhibit African-Americans from receiving medical attention for mental illnesses are as follows: accessibility, availability, acceptability and accountability (Thurston & Phares 2008). The first two obstacles stem from socioeconomic circumstances, while the remaining are facets of individual determinants. Accessibility refers to the cost of mental health services; availability indicates the number and quality of options that is economically feasible for an