Experiment on Rates of Reaction Rates Of Reaction: The time taken for a reaction to take place. The speed of the reaction has a big effect on the time, e.g. time taken for concrete to set may take hours, days or even weeks. Factors: Temperature: The temperatures during the rates of reactions are important because they can change how quick the reaction takes place. · Increasing the temperature will cause the particles to move faster, with more energy. · They will therefore collide more often and with greater concentration. · These two things mean there are successful collisions per second and therefore a moderate rate of reaction. Concentration: The concentration is an important factor in this test. It can change how quick the reaction takes place. · Increasing the concentration or a reactant simply means there are more particles which may collide and so react. · More collisions means a faster reaction. Particle Size: If the size of the particle being used is big, the test will take longer but if it is smaller, the reaction will be much quicker. Preliminary Experiment: For this experiment we had to find the rates of chemical reactions using 0.5 and 1ml hydrochloric acids and two magnesium ribbons. The method we used for this was: * Put the Magnesium ribbons into two different test tubes and labeled them 1 and 2. * Poured the 0.5 ml hydrochloric acid into No1 and the 1 ml hydrochloric acid into No2. * Took results. The results showed, Amount Of Acid Time 0.5ml Hydrochloric Acid 18 Mins (1800 Secs) 1 ml Hydrochloric Acid 8 Mins (800 Secs) Conclusion: It seemed that the higher the concentration of acid, the quicker the reaction is going to take place. Main Experiment: Aim: Our aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of concentration on rates of reaction using different concentrations of
If the solution is stirred more there are more collisions between the particles. therefore the reaction is speeded up). Temperature of Water - °C. As the temperature increases so does the rate of the reaction. By increasing the temperature, particles move.
The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs, thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law, it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentrations such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reaction, there will be one reaction that is slower than the others.
Investigating How the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate
= = = == I predict that as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid decreases the rate of reaction will decrease and therefore the time taken for 75ml of gas to be released will increase.
This process allows us to determine the reaction order. When changing the concentration of the one particular reactant we are able to calculate the order based on the change in reaction rate.
The number and strength of collisions is increased so that the reaction can happen faster than it should. If the particles have more energy then more particles will be able to react to it. Solid reactants like marble chips are affected by surface area. The larger the surface area, the more collisions that will take place.
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
The main variables that can change a rate of reaction are; 1. Temperature. 2. Concentration. 3.
If there is not enough energy no reaction takes place. In a solution of 0.5M hydrochloric acid, there are less hydrochloric acid particles compared to that of 2M hydrochloric acid, therefore, there are less particles to react with magnesium particles thus meaning less chance of collisions between the two reactants: [IMAGE] Therefore, as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increased, the chances of collisions increase thus giving a faster rate of reaction. Apparatus: Beaker Hydrochloric acid Distilled water Measuring cylinder Pipette Test tubes Test tube rack Diagram: [IMAGE] Method: Measure out 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid, as the concentration requires, for each concentration its composition is: Moles Volume HCl Volume Water 2M 10 cm³ 0 cm³ 1.5M 7.5 cm³ 2.5 cm³ 1M 5 cm³ 5 cm³ 0.5M 2.5 cm³ 7.5 cm³ 0M 0 cm³
Looking at the table of results above and the graph, it is shown that the higher the temperature got, the shorter the reaction time. The obtained results have been plotted on a line graph of the temperature of hydrochloric acid (y-axis) against reaction time (x-axis). This line graph in fig.2 also clearly shows that as the temperature increases, so does the speed of the reaction, shown by a reduction in the time taken. This corroborates the collision theory, where as the temperature of particles increase, the particles gain more kinetic energy and react with each other upon collision. This is shown as to happen in the hydrochloric acid, where the hydrochloric acid particles collide more with the particles of the magnesium ribbon as the temperature was increased. The above graph shows a gradual sloping curve, which gets steeper at higher temperatures. This shows that the reaction will reach a peak rate of activity as the gaps between the temperature and reaction times continue to decrease. The experiment fulfills the aim and clearly shows that as the temperature of a reaction is increased so does it’s rate of reaction, proving the hypothesis to be correct.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
Before conducting my experiment I will research into, amongst other things, the factors that affect the rate of a reaction. This is so that I may enough information to understand the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction and also gain appropriate understanding to make a suitable prediction as to what the outcome of my experiment will be.
Because there are more molecules, the frequency of successful collisions is greater, and the reactions happen faster. Safety There are a lot of safety issues we must abide by in this experiment. We must remember that the substances we use in this experiment can be very harmful if used the wrong way. When doing this experiment, it may be necessary to wear safety goggles, as things are very unpredictable, and even though it is very unlikely that the solution will come out of the beaker during the experiment, one must still be cautious of spills. We must make sure that coats and bags are all out of the way while doing the experiment.
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.