Experiments:
Tensile test:
Tensile test is used to measure the forces required to break a plastic sample specimen and also to know the elongation of the specimen at breaking point. Specimens are cut as per the ASTM D638 Standards dimensions of the specimens was 165 mm x 19 mm x 4 mm
Flexural test:
The flexural test is used to evaluate the required power to bend a plastic beam under three point loading system. Flexural strength is the capacity of the material to defy the bend under load. Specimens are cut as per the ASTM D5943-96 Standards dimension was 150 mm x 15 mm x 3 mm.
Impact test: Izord impact test is conducted on the specimens using Izord impact tester. The dimensions of the specimens was 63.5mm x 12.7 mm x 3.2 mm as per ASTM D256
…show more content…
The tensile strength and young’s modulus increased by 20% and 42% respectively, which is significant due to high tensile modulus of both SiC and …show more content…
A higher magnification of SEM analysis images shows that the Glass fiber filaments are fully covered with the epoxy resin or matrix. We can see from the images that there is no separation of glass fibers from epoxy, it shows the strong bonding and also observed no matrix cracking, interface debonding. We can also observe even distribution of the filler across the matrix. Some micro cavities seen in the fractured tensile specimen as the fibers were pulled out of the matrix in tensile testing. Due strong bonding, glass fibers could provide efficient stress transfer from epoxy which helped to improve mechanical properties.
CONCLUSION
Study on FRP composites with fillers is getting better interest now a day because of its exceptional properties and cost factors. A short survey of glass fabric/epoxy composites with alumina, titanium and mixture with silicon carbide hybrid filler is specified briefly in literature. The above mentioned subjects are expected to create interest in researchers to come across the possibility of hybrid filler added glass fiber/ epoxy composites as another way to substitute usual materials. Processing techniques for hybrid filler added glass/epoxy composites were finely acknowledged and lots of their key properties have been considered and briefly explained. This work showed, 2% Hybrid Al2O3 + SiC filler added glass fiber/epoxy composite shown maximum
In comparing micro-leakage of resin-modified glass-ionomers (RMGI), flowable composite liners, and no liners, it was found that by applying a RMGI liner before placing the composite decreased the extent of micro-leakage3. By doing this, the farthest the micro-leakage occurred was to the cervical wall, whereas with composite liners and no liners there was leakage to the cervical wall and into the axial wall3. The reason for the difference could be attributed to the bond between the glass ionomer and composite. This bond is weak and can be thought of as an unbounded wall, leading to less shrinkage stress to the bonds between composite and dentin3.
Elastic strain region at small and big end of connecting rod is shown in figure no. 10. The maximum and minimum equivalent strain values are 0.00033975 and 2.1407e-10 respectively. Due to applied pressure there will be change in original dimensions of the connecting rod and hence strain developed can be
The problem that was arisen in Problem #5: Motion up an Incline was in reference to a change in acceleration in both an uphill and downhill motion. The question on hand was whether or not the acceleration was the same going uphill as it was downhill or different from each other in both directions. To obtain a secure conclusion this experiment required the use of a frictionless cart, an inclined ramp, motion sensor, meter stick, and assistance of computer programs. These tools help us to achieve/correct our predictions by giving us precise information about the acceleration of the cart in both the up and downhill direction.
Service life The effect of fillers on polymers is that they are very beneficial because they don’t get ruined for a long time. Glass fillers are the most commonly used fillers in polymers. This is because they last longer and their service life is longer.
Dental composites, also known as "white fillings", are a group of restorative materials composed of a mixture of powdered glass and plastic resin regularly used in modern dentistry to resemble the appearance of the natural tooth. Acrylic resin was first introduced to the dental profession in the mid 1950s. Since their introduction, acrylic based materials have continued to play a pivotal role in restorative and prosthetic dentistry. After the introduction of the bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate, or BIS-GMA, by Bowen in the early 1960s the potential application of resins has emerged. This composition and formulation possessed a higher molecular weight and therefore better mechanical properties and reduced polymerization shrinkage, the newer polymer offered potential for much greater applications that included anterior and posterior composite resin restorations, indirect inlays/onlays, pit and fissure sealants and more wear resistant denture teeth.
Introduction: SI units and English units are a very important part of measuring around the world. English units, which are inches, is the most common unit of measure in America. SI units, which are centimeters, are most commonly used in Europe. These units can help us measure many things such as the length of a book or a piece of wood. In this lab, we had to determine the length of 10 lines in inches and in centimeters. We did this so we can find the slope of our measurements and to find the percent error. Percent error is a statistic that is used to determine how far an observed value deviates from the true value. The formula for percent error is the absolute value of the observed value (the value you get when conducting the experiment) minus the accepted value (which is the value that we already know) over the accepted value multiplied by 100. This lab also gives us a better understanding on how to measure using SI and English units and why they are important.
...tem Solutions) laboratories, Peenya Industrial area, Bangalore. During preprocessing, stress vs. strain curves (obtained from the tensile tests) are entered while defining standard piecewise linear rate dependent plasticity material models. The material properties of Aluminium alloy (Al6063-T6), SMC (Sheet Moulding Compound) and GMT (Glass Material Thermoplastic) are extracted from different journal papers during literature review. These material properties are required to be entered in Kinematic Hardening material model during the preprocessing stage. On the other hand, experimental rate of work decay is evaluated as area under force vs. displacement curve (obtained from three point bending tests). Experimental contributions made by few researchers in the field of high velocity impact crashes facilitated the specific energy absorption values for different materials
The purposes of this lab were to determine a relationship between percent cold working and hardness, determine the effect cold working has on microstructure, and last but not least relate dislocation theory to the observed data. Determining the relationship between percent cold working and hardness involved using a cold roller and running our cartridge brass (70 wt.% Cu, 30 wt.% Zn) sample through it until the percent given was reached by each group. This is a good material because it is well suited to cold-forming because of its high strength and ductility. Each group was assigned a specific percent to reach. The percent’s were 0, 10, 20, 30 40, and 50 respectively. After our percent was given a top and bottom were decided and this was so the sample was ran through the same way every time. The percent cold work is found using this equation % CW = t1-t2/t1 * 100, multiplying by 100 to get the percent, t1 is the original thickness of the sample and t2 is the thickness after running it through.
The micro hardness of the prepared samples were obtained by using a Vickers Micro hardness Tester (Model : Leco LV 700, USA). 5 readings were taken for each sample to calculate the average hardness. An indentation load of 5gf was used. After calculating the average hardness for each sample, mean variance and standard deviation (S.D.) was calculated to check the consistency of the data.
The process was first used at NASA to weld super lightweight external tank foe the Space Shuttle. Today FWS is used to join structural components for Delta IV, Atlas IV and Falcon IX rockets as well as the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. A current focus of FSW research is to extend the process to new materials which are difficult to weld using conventional fusion techniques. Since FSW occurs below the melting point of the work piece material, hence the deleterious phase is absent here. FSW characterizes the effect of process parameters such as spindle speed, traverse rate, length of joint on the wear
Project Objectives • Maximise the load capacity of the truss • Achieve an even distribution of force to each member • Construct the truss carefully for maximum quality • Design a truss which did not fail from flexural-torsional buckling. Development of the Model We began by researching established truss designs, such as the Bailey bridge, Baltimore bridge and the N truss. We realised that although each type of truss was useful for its own purpose, none of the bridges was intended for supporting a point load. However, we compared the designs by calculating the distribution of forces in the members.
It is investigated that in the present experiment work, maximum UTS increased by 38.11 MPa for the joints fabricated with low heat input and subjected to post weld heat treatment.
Epoxy bonds well to most materials and older epoxy helping when repairs of composite components need to be done. Why alternate resins were not selected for the matrix: Vinylester Resin They have about a third of the strength of epoxy resins and it adheres poorly to carbon fiber, therefore is not utilized in this design, as strength is one of the main requirements of the Boeing composite wing structure. Polyester Resin: Poor bonding capability and therefore was not utilized.Step 1 - Prepregs -laminate sheets of epoxy strengthened with carbon fibers- are positioned on the cure table with the specific wing panel geometry using Automated contour tape laying (ACTL) (Figure 3). The laminate sheets of epoxy are continuous fibers with specific orientation and epoxy matrix can be specified to achieve optimum lamina performance, which is important in carrying the loads applied to the component. Step 2 - The laid-down prepregs are placed in the autoclave with the table to cure the resin at the required pressure and heat (Figure
Moment of Inertia (Mass Moment of Inertia) - I - is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in a rotation direction. Moment of Inertia has the same relationship to angular acceleration as mass has to linear acceleration. In this practical, the weights was attached to the hanger in order to determine the mass of inertia of a flywheel then the experimental values will be compared with the theoretical values.
Fiber architecture of composite properties usually revolves around the fiber geometry, packing arrangement, fiber orientation, and fiber volume fraction that in particular influencing their mechanical properties. The topmost being fiber volume fraction (Vf) which without doubt single handedly steers most mechanical properties that increases with increasing Vf up to a certain point. The geometry of