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The economic importance of sport
History of sports in sociological perspective
The economic importance of sport
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Expanding Leagues, Expanding Cities Sports have always played a major role within societies. The area of Rome was the most populated area of the world during the time of the Roman Empire. The form of sport most demanded by the large population was watching two men fight till the death. These Gladiators were personified as larger than life beings and were able to captivate tens of thousands with a swing of a sword. People flooded to cities where they could watch these Gladiators fight. The popularity of these events grew so immensely stadiums were built that were able to hold over 80,000 screaming fans. Daily these fans would pack these massive arenas to watch the Gladiators fight. Not much has changed today. Though today’s sport entertainers aren’t referred to as Gladiators, but rather professional athletes. Society today, now more than ever, is driven by professional athletics. As cities grow in population, there becomes an increasing demand for more teams. League expansions have been occurring just as population expansion has occurred. Cities look to gain a sense of community through athletics by bringing professional sports to their city. Expansion is beneficial to both leagues and cities. Leagues benefit financially, mainly from television deals, and cities grow in popularity and population. It is because of this mutual gain that leagues continue to expand. Before a city can take on the responsibility of starting a franchise, it must prove a demand for the product. A high-ticket sale is the main aspect a professional league looks for when deciding where to go next. Just like in any business, both sides don’t want to get themselves into an unprofitable arrangement where millions can be lost. For... ... middle of paper ... ...fans seem to enjoy having more teams, everyone does not want league expansion. There are traditionalists that feel that league expansion dilutes the talent around throughout the league. Instead of teams being able to have 3 or 4 “star” caliber players bringing competitive games each night, expansion keeps most teams at around 2 “stars” with mismatched competition being the result. Regardless whether league expansion is liked or not, as long as there is money to be made the trend will continue. Cities with a growing population and improving business and industry sector give the best chance for high revenues to be made. As private investors continue to see expansion as a profitable venture, leagues will continue to expansion. Bibliography www.census.gov, 12/5/01. www.NFL.com, 12/6/01. www.NBA.com, 12/6/01. www.MLB.com, 12/6/01. www.NHL.com, 12/6/01.
...s like football and baseball it is very hard for one good player to change a team because the rosters are so big on player can’t really make a big difference unless that player is a quarterback in football.
One of the most common ways people became gladiators was from being a slave. Sometimes managers bought slaves so they could become a gladiator. Then the manager would send the slave to a lanista school and a lanista would train
The era dominated by Roman empire is one the most well-known and influential periods of history, home to famous names from Julius Caesar to Jesus Christ. At its height, Rome’s territory stretched from the Atlantic coastline to the Middle East, reigning over 60 million people, one-fifth of the population of the ancient world. However, the Roman empire’s treatment of their conquered people’s and their own citizens ultimately led to the permanent downfall of Rome.
In the NCAA, all of the Division 1-A conferences generate a vast amount of their athletic revenue through their broadcast agreements. ABC, NBC, ESPN, FOX SPORTS, and CBS play a pivotal role in creating exposure as well as allocating funds to universities that are sponsored by them. It’s a strategic business philosophy, and one of the easiest ways to promote athletics. Why? For the most part many of the power six conferences developed a wide and a loyal fan base over a long period of time with limited television exposure. Many teams may have an unofficial count of excess of over 300,000 fans, and most of the universities rigorous task of marketing was already taken care of in the past. Now that there is a high demand of what viewers want to
People today enjoy the same things that people enjoyed during the Roman Empire. In the movie, Gladiator, Maximus fights in the Coliseum in front of all the people of Rome. In the movie Fight Club they have fights between different people in front of all the people of the club. This shows that people who lived 1000s of years before us where entertained by violence just like most of us are today. The theme that ties both Fight Club and Gladiator together is people are entertained by violence.
There is the NBA’s minor league, called the Development League, or D-League. This is not the best alternative, because it is a means of helping young players develop, so salaries and skills are quite low. However, foreign leagues, like Euroleague and the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) are available. The 2011-12 NBA season was shortened due to a lockout in 2011. A lockout is the “exclusion of employees by their employer from their place of work until certain terms are agreed to.” This was due to the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) regarding the negotiations between owners and players about salaries. That year, more than 90 players signed overseas, but for only half a year, in order to be able to return to the NBA after the lockout. This shows that the professional basketball market in the United States is an oligopoly in the short-run, but still a monopsony in the long-run (Neale 6). An oligopoly is defined as: “a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.” A monopsony is a market that has only one purchaser of a good or service, and it is similar to a monopoly, which is a market with one seller (Mankiw
The Gladiators – History’s Most Deadly Sport. New York: St. Martin’s Press/Thomas Dunne Books, 2003. Potter, David S. and David J. Mattingly, eds. Life, Death and Entertainment in the Roman Empire. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1998.
It is true that many cities are financing most if not all of the cost for new athletic complexes. The cost is, in the least, absorbable by the city. The urging of teams to force the pay for the cost of a stadium is a bluff, and should be called by the city. The Yankees will not leave New York and the millions of dollars in T.V., radio and merchandise licensing that a city of that stature can bring. The fact that cities are forced to pay for stadiums is a call for better negotiators for the city, not a reason not to build a stadium.
Many gladiators were prisoners of war and/or criminals being brought to justice through the games but, on the very slim chance that they survived, they would be free. Cartwright (2012) explains that, “a gladiator was a professional fighter who specialized with particular weapons and fought before in large purpose-built arenas throughout the Roman Empire…” The games did not only have gladiators fight but also other people being punished by death. Hopkins (1983) adds that those who participated in the games were professional gladiators, prisoners of war, and criminals condemned to death. There were many kinds of gladiators, all specializing with different weapons and techniques. There were more than 30 kinds of gladiators, from beast fighters and horseback riders to spear fighters and mounted bowmen, indicates Alchin (2015). Men were not the only ones who could be gladiators. Andrews (2014) reveals that there were women gladiators, though rarely, and that the Roman emperors sometimes engaged in fights that took place with blunt weapons. The contestants of the games were not always men or slaves and many played in the games by
Weaknesses Poor management of player relations. Deteriorating brand image of certain players. Little to no control of the players off the court. The goal of creating a fair playing field among big and small market teams has led to too many regulations. Few superstar talents to draw fan attention/loyalty.
Not only a popular past time in America and worldwide is the National Basketball Association (NBA) a multi-billion dollar operation and growing. With popularity waning in the MLB due to slow paced games and safety and off the field issues plaguing the NFL, the NBA continues to shine. Contributing to its growth, the NBA has focused on expanding basketball viewership overseas to Europe and China. On the world stage, the NBA and basketball is one of the most popular sports only trailing soccer. With expanding viewership, revenue in the NBA has significantly grown.
The first known gladiatorial combat in Rome took place at the funeral of a nobleman named Junius Brutus in 264 B.C.2 His sons Marcus and Decimus revived an ancient Etruscan custom of having slaves fight at the funeral of a great leader in the belief that such a sacrifice would please the gods. During the ceremony, three pairs of slaves were forced to fight to the death. In 216 B.C., twenty-two pairs of slaves fought at the funeral of a man named Marcus Lepidus. Sixty pairs of slaves fought when Publicus Licinius died in 183 B.C. These slave fighters were now known as bustiarii, or funeral men.3 By the time of Julius Caesar, any direct association with funerals and religion was gone, and these fighters, now known as gladiators, meaning swordsmen, were a powerful force in Roman politics. He bought the affection of the people with magnificent banquets and spectacles that were open and free to the public. Caesar then estab...
Barton begins his detailed look at the Roman culture surrounding gladiators by portraying the gladiators themselves through the eyes of the scholars. He sets the view very low to begin. The Roman people seemed to really look down upon the gladiators, viewing them as the lowest of the low in the social ladd...
Gladiators are people who fight each other or wild animals for other people’s entertainment in ancient Rome. They usually fought in the Colosseum. People would gather from all over to see them fight until they die, since they usually didn’t survive. If a gladiator survived three to five years of fighting, he or she was released and allowed to go back home. Romans watched gladiators fight because they not only thought it entertaining, but also thought it would prepare them for war.
Following Poliakoff’s introduction to the ancient combat sports, he proceeds to provide a basic outline to the world of ancient combat sports in a series of sections within the chapter, including: The definition of a ‘combat sport’ and its relation to recreation and training; similarities amongst combat sports, training methods and common practise; the premise of athletic festivals, and the organization of said competition.