For ages, physicists around the world have contemplated over the probable existence of wormholes in the fabric of our space. Various amounts of people have been asking questions over whether or not wormholes have the ability to exist, or if they are just figments of our imagination. Although, if they do, what can we do with them, and what exactly are they? Are they controllable, like in all the films and games, or are they just a theory not meant to study or be taken seriously. What are wormholes made up of and how can something physically travel through them? Have fictional portrayals of this phenomenon been blinding us by misinterpreting them of what they really are? What are wormholes, what can they be used for, and how have they been portrayed in modern fictional entertainment?
To understand the theorized presence of wormholes, one must first comprehend the probable existence of black and white holes, and how they affect space time. Black and white holes are the foundation in the possible reality of wormholes. Although, what exactly are black and white holes? Black holes are created when stars collapse, which have such immense gravitational fields that not even light can escape its grip (Coffey). For example, if an object would pass by a black hole, it must be a secure distance from the hole’s event horizon in order to survive. A black hole’s event horizon is the perimeter around the hole, where not even light or radiation has the ability to escape (Coffey). If the object passing by the hole is not at this safe distance from its horizon, any attempt to get away would be ill-fated (Greene 79). In essence, if an object was too close to a black hole, its gravitational force would do nothing but rip it apart (Greene 80). Moreover...
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...pire. Throughout the novel, Relativity, it centers around an aspiring teenage girl, Ruby Wright, who appreciates the sciences. After moving to Ohio, she discovers an oak tree near her house, which hums and vibrates like a machine. After playing around with this mysterious tree, Ruby discovers it is actually a controllable wormhole. It allows her to go through ten different dimensions of her life, where she attempts to find the perfect reality (Bishara). To continue, in Peet Janes’ novel, Star War’s Handbook 3: Dark Empire, a significant antagonist known as Palpatine has the ability to create wormholes due to The Force. Although, he does not only use the well known Force, but a more distinctive force known as Force Storm (Janes). Wormholes have influenced modern fiction incredibly throughout the years, giving hope that one day we can do what our imaginations dream of.
Black holes are thought to be a portal to another dimension or a way for time to slip. Mainly all these theories follow the laws of physics and do not cross any illogical possibilities. For a way in which we can achieve any of these would be through many more years of research. If even physically possible for any of these hypotheses to coexist with one another. Learning that there’s a possible way for black holes to allow time to lapse or elapse. The study has been a challenge, finding ways in which these ideas could work. Theories about space time are not always true, but they allow us to have an improved understanding towards the, what ifs.
Travelling through time is certainly easy to imagine. You step into the time machine; press a few buttons; and emerge out not just anywhere – but anywhen. However, in reality things aren’t quite as convenient as science fiction would suggest, as you will understand later on.
For the Science Reader project, I read Black Holes, Wormholes, and Time Machines by Jim Al-Khalili. Interested in time travel and the secrets of space, I chose this book with hopes of better understanding our universe.
Black holes were originally thought to have only mere mathematical concepts. There was seemingly no possible way to compress any object into a space small enough to equal to its schwarzschild radius. Later however, astronomer Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated that stars much larger than our own sun should theoretically be able to collapse into a black hole (UTFC). A star is like a blown up balloon with the force of gravity trying to compress the balloon inwards and the air trying to push the balloon outwards. Likewise, stars are held in balance by gravity trying to collapse the star inwards going against the outwards pressure of the internal reactions of the star called nuclear fusion. If the star is big enough and the pressure inside quickly disappears, gravity would and should slingshot the star into a tiny point with near infinite density with an extremely strong gravitatio...
A black hole is a dead star in outer space. It is where planets and stars disappear at. The gravity of a black hole is way too strong ( Aguilar 39). The black hole is a weird object in outer space and a black hole is formed when two giant stars or more collapse together and basically vacuum anything that comes near it ( Aguilar 39). It might be gases around the black hole. People call it a black hole because light can’t escape from it (Cool Cosmos). So the hole appears black and the volume of the black hole is zero (Cool Cosmos).
Black holes are points in space where there are extreme gravitational pulls that prevent anything, including light, from escaping. The reason for such a strong gravitational pull is due to vast amounts of matter being contained in a small amount of space. Stellar black holes form from stars with a mass greater than 20 solar masses and can be a result of gravitational collapse. Gravitational collapse is a result of the star’s internal pressure not being able to resist the stars own gravity. When the star is exhausted of its nuclear fuel such that it cannot maintain a high enough temperature it will begin to collapse under its own weight (Seidel 2011). As the star collapses it causes a supernova which blasts the outer layers of the star into space while the core completely collapses under its own weight. If the remnant core left behind exceeds 3 solar masses there are no known forces that can prevent the core from completely collapsing into a black hole (p. 568 Bennett et al. 2013)
...ke for instance the two images below. The first is a two-dimensional representation of the gravity of a normal star. Imagine any object floating through space as a marble. Said marble rolling along the flat surface of the space will roll into the indentation made by the sun's gravity. If you flick the marble hard enough, it can roll out of the indentation and roll away. The second pic is a representation of the gravity made by a black hole. Notice that if the marble rolls into the hole, there's no way it can get out, since there is no end to the hole.
The theory of relativity is the basic theory about space-time continuum and gravitation which was mainly established by the greatest theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. According to the areas it aims to describe, Einstein’s theory of relativity can be classified into special relativity (space-time) and general relativity (gravitation) 1. The theory of relativity, as do quantum mechanics, brought a revolutionary impact on the foundation of modern physics, and thus had an impact on modern technology. And it impacted the “common sense” understanding that people had of the universe by its new concepts such as four dimensional spaces and curved space.
The American scientist John Wheeler coined the phrase “black hole” in 1969 to describe a massively compact star with such a strong gravitational field that light cannot escape. When a star’s central reserve of hydrogen is depleted, the star begins to die. Gravity causes the center to contract to higher and higher temperatures, while the outer regions swell up, and the star becomes a red giant. The star then evolves into a white dwarf, where most of its matter is compressed into a sphere roughly the size of Earth. Some stars continue to evolve, and their centers contract to even higher densities and temperatures until their nuclear reserves are exhausted and only their gravitational energy remain. The core then rushes inward while the mantle explodes outward, creating neutron stars in the form of rapidly rotating pulsars. Imploding stars overwhelmed by gravity form black holes, where the core hits infinite density and becomes a singularity (some estimate it at 10^94 times the density of water).
We have done a lot of research about space and have learned a lot with the technology we have. One of the main mysteries that we have not understood much is “the hole”. When I say “the hole” I mean the three main ones the black hole, white hole, and the wormhole. Each one is important in their own way, but this paper will be focused on black holes. I will briefly touch on theories that involve time travel, white holes, and wormholes.
Like the boundaries on earth, mankind has always looked to the sky in awe for it seemed boundless in its ever growing horizon. Out of all the cosmos that’s being found and discovered every day, there is one object that stands to elude scientists still, the black hole. Albert Einstein, and all the brilliant scientists after his, help to design and create a part of the universe that’s very crucial to understanding existence. The perimeters of a black hole have been a great this that has been discussed and observed to the point where it eventually becomes clear as its compared to objects around or like it. The physics of the black holes existence is still unclear for it shows properties that support Einstein’s theory and quantum mechanics, but at the same time breaks them both.
Time traveling has been a discussion brought upon by many philosophers. Many of them have questioned whether or not time travel is possible, and what it would do to our time consistency. They have also argued whether time is an idea we ourselves have constructed, and how important it is to understand time in regards to time traveling. In order to proof that time traveling is possible (or impossible), philosophers came up with the grandfather paradox. Philosophers like David Lewis, then came up with a solution to the paradox and thus proved the never ending cycle of theories—and contradicting theories. David Lewis brings up valid arguments in “The Paradoxes of Time Travel” and has helped many people understand the concept of time traveling.
At some point in everyone's life they look up into the sky and think to
What is a black hole? How are black holes formed? And who first discovered black holes? Are all excellent questions that will be answered in this research document. However, before you are fed information on the history of black holes, you must first know the definition: A black hole is a region of space having a gravitational pull so intense that matter or light can escape. Black holes can be classified into 3 three categories based on their method of creation and size. These types are called: stellar, supermassive, and miniature black holes.
Throughout the ages, outstanding physicists, to the movies, to some of the greatest science fiction novels of all time, have pondered the idea of time-travel. The thought of actually being able to travel to another time or universe has long since enthralled, enveloped, and overwhelmed some of the greatest minds in the history of physics. No one person can actually prove any of their theories, but a few actually make sense. Meaning that they do not violate the laws of physics. One of the main theories suggested, are wormholes. Wormholes are considered to connect two regions of flat space-time, two universes, or two parts of the same universe. There is a lot of theoretical evidence that wormholes exist, with an equal amount of evidence that they do not exist. However, no matter what one’s belief is, the existence of wormholes still makes you wonder…