Examining the Effectiveness of Starch Blockers On the Digestion of Carbohydrates
1. Introduction
Starch Blockers are all the rage in the weight loss industry. Archangel Health Store proudly announces Dr. Marshall’s Phase 'oLean it's Product of the Month (http://aomega.com/ahs/nl010298.htm) One patron claims that she lost 14 pounds in her first week of using starch blockers. Another declares, "Honey, from now on, you'll be seeing less of me." (http://quiles.home.mindspring.com/aahs/sntest.htm) If these claims are accurate, then why is America's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) working to eliminate starch blockers from the market? Why are medical test results showing that starch blockers are not only ineffective against weight loss, but are harmful to the people who ingest them?
2. Claims
Manufacturers of Phase ‘oLean claim that taking their starch blockers will block most of those “empty calories” from that dinner of spaghetti and bread. This happens when the alpha-amylase inhibitor in the product stops the digestion of carbohydrates, causing the starch to pass through the digestive tract without being absorbed. Advertising emphasizes that people can heap on the potatoes and pasta and still lose weight. All the consumer has to do is take one pill 15-20 minutes before each meal. An additional pill may be taken if the meal consists of heavy starches. Weight loss can be expected to occur almost immediately after beginning use of Phase 'oLean. Consumers may take the starch blockers until they reach their desired weight, and then use them again if they need help maintaining that weight. (http://www.aomega.com/ahs/p1200b.htm)
3. How It Supposedly Works
The Phase 'oLean formula is a kidney bean protein extract that is supposed to inhibit the action of alpha-amylase, which is the enzyme that they say digests starches in the bowel. Manufacturers claim that any carbohydrate that is ingested in the presence of this extract will simply pass through the system undigested and be lost as feces. Phase 'oLean supposedly absorbs only starch calories and leaves the nutrients from food to be digested normally. (http://aomega.com/ahs/p1200a.htm). Marketers claim that carbohydrates are not essential to the human diet because after they are eaten, they break up into starches and sugars, which are then used either as a quick source of energy or are stored as fat. Calories from carbohydrates should make up 40%- 60% of the average person's daily food intake.
Title IX has drastically changed the lives and the quality of the lives of women. The law deals with schooling and sports, but the reach of it extends much further. Women are not told that they are equal, and then receive unequal benefits anymore, and they have the same opportunity of education as men. Although Title IX is not the only reason for the status of women today, it helped greatly in the process.
Title IX is a law that was made by the NCAA in 1972, that states that there can be no discrimination or exclusion of a gender through athletics or education. (Mankiller). Which means that men's sports cannot be favored over women's sports. Many people are very cognizant of this law. For example, if a school has $100,000, the school must spend the money equally between the athletics of each gender, even if there are more men's sports teams. They must get the same treatment. That may sound great, but Title IX has impacted men's athletics significantly. Although Title IX has been a valuable way to establish gender equality, the NCAA loses money, puts men out of scholarships, abolishes smaller men’s sports teams, and it should be
IX was established many people thought that women were more concerned and involved in getting married, and having children rather than continuing their education. Until the early 70's, many colleges and universities were reluctant to admit women into their student body. Fortunately, the unfairness in admissions of higher education for females that was prominent prior to the early 70’s is less common. Women now receive undergraduate and graduate degrees at a significantly higher rate than before the adoption of the Title IX's statutes. It's more common today for women to take professions that were more commonly dominated by males. Title IX is an important legislation because it helps increase women's access to higher education, protect against sexual harassment, and help increase the number of female athletics
...g Title IX’s coverage to protect those who laid claims against institutions for sexual discrimination from retaliation (“Court’s”). Another amendment made to Title IX came in 2009 as a result of the Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee trial. This one is fairly straight forward and is one of the most recent amendments made. In 2009, parents of a kindergartener filed complaints against the school when their daughter came home and accused a third grade boy for making sexual comments towards her on the bus (George 53). The court found that victims of sexual discrimination or harassment could now sue the specific individual who committed the act, as opposed to the entire program or institution (George 42). The amendment also provided some suggestions to aid institutions in these cases, helping them avoid paying damages to plaintiffs for one person’s act (George 42).
Title IX was created by a woman named Edith Green. She was the legislation chairperson of the Oregon Congress of Parents and Teachers. She became a House member in 1954. Her first proposal was the Library Service Bill. Eight years she shepherded Title IX until it passed on June 23, 1972 part of the Higher Education Act. (Crass, Scott)
Title IX was a social justice landmark for women in the United States. Women who directly benefited from Title IX were athletes, as it gave them opportunities to participate in sports in schools, receive the same amount of funding as the male sports programs, and for the first time gave women the opportunities to earn scholarships for sports. Indirectly, Title IX had an impact on all women in the United States, because it entitled them equal opportunity to education and created a provision against sexual discrimination. Title IX changed the expectations of women by giving them the opportunity to choose and compete, athletically, scholastically, professionally, politically, economically and socially.
Although it is still a controversial law in the U.S. Title IX does not seem as it will be going away anytime soon. Colleges and universities have both benefited and been at a loss due to Title IX. The program was set up to open opportunities for all and its true results may not be seen for years. Each person that Title IX affects will have a different reaction to it. Some people will see the good it causes but many will see it as a program killer. Until a full proof way of gender equality is found, every year that Title IX is in effect controversy will follow it.
Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 is the landmark legislation that bans sex discrimination in schools, whether it is in academics or athletics. Title IX states:
Title IX is a law passed in 1972 that requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding (U.S. Department of Education, 2007). No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any educational programs or activity receiving federal financial assistance. – From the preamble to Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (U.S. Department of Education, 2007). The actual Title IX document was based on 10 key areas: (1) access to higher education (2) employment, (3) athletics, (4) career education; (5) education for pregnant and parenting students, (6) employment learning environment, (7) math and science, (8) sexual harassment, (9) standardized testing and (10) technology (titleixinfo.com.2011). Title IX legislation has been subject to over 20 additional reviews and proposed amendment revisions due to the different interpretations and lifestyle changes that present themselves in their various court cases.
1. It states that; “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Title IX applies to all educational institutions, both public and private, that receive federal funds. Almost all private colleges and universities must abide by Title IX. Athletics are not the specific target for Title IX; Athletics programs are considered educational programs and activities. There are three basic parts of Title IX as it applies to athletics: 1.) Participation: does not require institutions to offer identical sports but an equal opportunity to play; 2.) Scholarships 3.) Other benefits: Title IX requires the equal treatment of female and male student-athletes such as: equip, games, tutoring.
The Frontline documentary, Obama’s Deal, tracks the course of Obama’s healthcare reform and the steps taken by the administration to get the bill passed. Healthcare was, and remains, one of the biggest platforms of the Obama administration and one of our nation’s greatest challenges. The film starts with Obama’s election into the White House in 2009. Rahm Emanuel, who had worked for the Clinton administration, was brought in to advise Obama on the reform. To win, Emanuel knew that Obama would have to move quickly as his campaign would be strongest at the beginning. But his crucial flaw was having Obama take a back seat on his own political agenda. Emanuel tried to change his mistakes from the Clinton administration’s healthcare failure, and
Many believe that women take education for granted and that they do not think about or realize all of the hard work it took to attain the right of education. “Title IX Education Amendments Act of 1972 was an act that protects students from discrimination on the basis of sex in educational programs that receive federal financial assistance. The principal objective of Title IX is to avoid the use of federal money to support sex discrimination in education programs and to provide individual citizens effective protection against those practices. Title IX applies, with a few specific exceptions, to all aspects of federally funded education programs or activities. In addition to traditional educational institutions such as colleges, universities, and elementary and secondary schools, Title IX also applies to any education or training program operated by a recipient of federal financial assistance.” Also enacted in 1974 was the (WEEA) the Women's Educational Equity Act, this act was one of the several landmark laws passed by the United States Congress outlining federal protections against the gender discrimination of women in education. Another factor that impacted and shaped the education system was social class status segregation. In previous years it was not as common to find a high-poverty child receiving a good education or even any at all. With being said, living in such high-poverty neighborhoods for multiple generations, it causes a barrier for achievement. As years gone on, it has been shown that the government has made it more feasible for children to receive an elementary, middle, secondary and collegiate education. “Ensuring strong opportunity for every child in America and protecting the vulnerable and underserved have long comprised the mission of the U.S. Department of Education. Nearly three-quarters of Department funds go toward three major areas: Pell Grants that help
The Civil right Acts of 1964 was originally written to end discrimination based on race, color, national origin, and along the way came Title IX. Title IX as we all know gave equal opportunity for women to participate in sports starting in Elementary schools to colleges or the universities level and almost all schools and colleges receive federal funding. The original intention was never focused on sports. It wasn’t until 1969 when an emerging activist by the name of Bernice Sandler complained to the University of Maryland and many more other universities that women are being treated unfairly, and the inequalities in pay, rank, admissions, and much more. In 1970, “Sandler joined Representative Edith Green’s Subcommittee on Higher Education and sat in on the congressional hearings where women’s rights were discussed”. It wasn’t in congressional hearing that Green and Sandler proposed Title IX and again, there was very limited mention of sports. The focal point was aiming toward equalities at employment and federally financed institutions. Although, Title IX was officially passed into law on June 23, 1972, many people didn’t fully understand what Title IX and that there were also other people who was against Title IX. President Nixon “President Nixon directed the now-defunct Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) to carry out this important task.” In wasn’t until 1972 when the HEW published their finalized copy of Title IX and that’s when people had a good understanding of what it truthfully means. This was the step that people have finally have a clear understanding of Title IX and that it would applies to college athletics. Universities were given three years to implements Title IX. Many universities weren’t too happy a...
In the last couple of decades, dieting trends have astronomically increased. The average dieter has trained his or her ears and eyes to react to the word ‘fat’. Low fat, reduced fat, fat free- these are all words that until recently have set alarms off ringing in the typical dieter’s head. Recently, new vocabulary, such as ketogenic, ketosis, and low carbohydrate have stepped into the dieter’s world and questioned, or rather challenged, the ‘fat’ free method of dieting. So, after you have devoured the entire box of ‘fat’ free cookies perhaps you will ask yourself....WHAT ABOUT THE CARBOHYDRATES???
Many scientists and experts in their fields are debating over whether a low-carbohydrate diet is suitable to be used than a high – carbohydrate diet. Carbohydrates are not a popular food type in the diet because grains which are carbohydrates contain gluten and gluten is known to be inflammatory and affects the body’s blood sugar levels. This results in weight gain and the struggle to maintain weight. Grains also contain an acid called phytic acid meaning that the body can not absorb much of calcium, iron and magnesium. The lack of iron, calcium and magnesium means that you are at a high risk of bone related diseases such as