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natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutation.
natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutation.
The importance of evolution
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5. The fitness of organisms within a population is important for evolution. Evolution involved many mechanisms altering species within in one area to conform to their needs. Natural selection and genetic drift have worked together for centuries altering species and pressuring them to adapt to their surroundings. The environment causes changes within the species when environments change, so that they will be able to adapt and survive their surroundings. If a species cannot adapt to the environment the species is less fit for the environment therefore, leading to decrease in fitness. However, evolution has been seen to alter characteristics of a species, but not change main functions.
The Neutral theory of Molecular evolution states that alterations in genes are neutral having little affect on the species and the mutations do are unseen of deleterious. Basically, genetic drift, changes in genes are random and neutrally fixed but most likely do not affect the fitness of the organisms (Futuyma, 2013). The mutations are not adaptive, therefore not going from one generation to the ...
One could argue that our species does everything it can do secure a future for ourselves and our future generations. We have traveled to the stars and back, we explore every inch of our land and travel to the deepest depths of our oceans, and we probe the earth for any resources we can find, all in order to find the best possible option for the human species to survive. But are we really doing the right thing for our species to survive?
Evolution has been arguably one of the largely discussed topics in the advanced institution of science. The theory of evaluation, first presented by Charlies Darwin (1990), states that all biotic organisms were developed and advanced from primitive organisms through gradual changes occurring over time. The relevance of this fundamental theory is witnessed throughout the disciplines of the pathology department in the subject area of biomedical science. Biomedical science consists of seven major disciplines; hematology, transfusion science, clinical chemistry, histology, virology, cytology, immunology and medical microbiology. However, significance of evolutionary theory had a drastic impact mostly on hematology and some virology.
Children often play a game called telephone, where one child whispers a statement into another child's ear, and the statement is passed on to other children; at the end of the game the last child will repeat the statement that was told to him or her. The majority of the time, the statement said would be completely different than the original one. This is an example of evolution through natural selection; where somewhere along the life span of the statement, it was modified, and the modified statement was passed on to form a new statement.
According to Darwin and his theory on evolution, organisms are presented with nature’s challenge of environmental change. Those that possess the characteristics of adapting to such challenges are successful in leaving their genes behind and ensuring that their lineage will continue. It is natural selection, where nature can perform tiny to mass sporadic experiments on its organisms, and the results can be interesting from extinction to significant changes within a species.
Evolution is a on going process and the evolution is made up of many different processes. It allows species to become what they are, how they act, and what they will become. It also allows species to be able to survive. It produces new and different species through ancestral populations of organisms and moves them to new population. Both natural selection and genetic drift decrease genetic variation. If they were the only mechanisms of evolution, populations would eventually become homogeneous and further evolution would be impossible. There are, however, mechanisms that replace variation depleted by selection and drift (Colby).
Evolution is still nevertheless one of the most largely discussed topics in modern society. The theory of evolution was first proposed by Charles Darwin (1990) and is described as process by which all biotic creatures have developed and advanced from primitive organisms through changes occurring over time. The relevance of this fundamental theory is witnessed throughout the many disciplines of the pathology department in subject area biomedical science. Biomedical science consists of seven major disciplines; haematology, transfusion science, clinical chemistry, histology, virology, cytology, immunology and medical microbiology. However, significance of evolutionary theory had a drastic impact on mostly haematology and some virology.
The thought of evolution is filled with theories, ideas and beliefs. The definition of evolution is rather simple. According to Jerry A. Coyle, evolution is “the change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations (2). Evolution gives rise to diversity when it comes to the hierarchy of life otherwise known as biological organization. Many people find the topic of evolution to be troubling and very confusing. Throughout history churches have preached that evolution is atheistic and a sin if even thought about. Famous scientist, Charles Darwin, is said to really be the first to formulate debated theory of evolution by the means of natural selection. Eventually in the 20th century genetics was compounded with Charles Darwin’s theories of evolution. Even today scientists continue to study different aspects of the theory of evolution.
How life came to be is a mystery that baffled the minds of even the smartest researchers. Although the researchers found no definite answers throughout the centuries, they had created many theories that could explain the origin of modern organisms. Evolution is a prominent theory among others, as supported by ancient ancestry, fossil evidence, and genetics. Evolution is the correct theory because the evidence, which is ancestry, fossil evidence, and genetics, proves evolution to have a solid argument.
Evolution is the theory that over time a species will slowly develop new characteristics and eventually become an entirely new species. Based off of fossils that have been found, studied, and tested, scientists have been able to create what they call a fossil record. In the fossil record there is evidence of minor changes in creatures and those changes taking millions of years, overtime these changes amounted to a point where the creatures were completely different, this proves that evolution is true. The changes started with a creature called a chordate which was essentially a very primitive fish. Over time some of these fish located to shallow areas of water, to adapt to the shallow water the fish developed very primitive versions of arms,
Biological evolution is descent with modification. Theories of evolution have their roots in early Greek and Roman culture. Before seventh century B.C.E., people believed that supernatural forces were responsible for life. Philosophers Plato and Aristotle argued against this doctrine. They used logic to explain the origins of life. It was commonly accepted that the earth was only a few thousand years old, species were immutable, and that life is arranged linearly. In the seventh century, naturalist John Ray used the term “species” as the basic unit of classification. In the eighteenth century, Carolus Linnaeus created a hierarchical classification system for organizing species based on resemblance using phylogenetic trees. In 1809, French theorist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published his theory of inheritance of acquired traits. In 1830, Charles Lyell introduced uniformitarianism as the mechanism for evolution; the theory that states that geologic change is relatively constant. In the mid-nineteenth century, Alfred Wallace and Charles Darwin both individually conceived natural selection as the mechanism for evolution. Darwin received credit for the theory of natural selection because he published his book, On the Origin of Species, before Wallace. In 1865, Gregor Mendel is the founder of modern genetics through his work with pea plant crosses. To this day, the work of Mendel and Darwin are widely accepted.
According to modern evolutionary synthesis, evolutionary variation occurs largely through genetic mutations which helps some organism more fit to thrive. An organism is
Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) was instituted in the early 1980s as a distinctive field of study to characterise the new synthesis of evolution hypothesis (Müller, 2007). Evo-devo is regarded as a new rule in evolutionary biology and a complement to neo-Darwinian theories. It has formed from the combination of molecular developmental biology and evolutionary molecular genetics; their integration has helped greatly to understand both of these fields. Evo-devo as a discipline has been exploring the role of the process of individual development and the changes in evolutionary phenotype, meaning the developmental procedure by which single-celled zygotes grow to be multicellular organisms. Alterations in the developmental program frequently cause differences in adult morphology. When these alterations are helpful, they grow to be fixed in a population and can result in the evolution of new phyla. Evo-devo seeks to figure out how new groups happen by understanding how the method of development has evolved in different lineages. In other word, evo-devo explains the interaction between phenotype and genotype (Hall, 2007). Explanation of morphological novelty of evolutionary origins is one of the middle challenges in current evolutionary biology, and is intertwined with energetic discussion regarding how to connect developmental biology to standard perspectives from the theory of evolution (Laubichler, 2010). A large amount of theoretical and experiential effort is being devoted to novelties that have challenged biologists for more than one hundred years, for instance, the basis of fins in fish, the fin-to-limb change and the evolution of feathers. The biology of development promises to formulate a main contribution to these...
Thoeries of Evolution Evolution is the process by which living organisms originated on earth and have changed their forms to adapt to the changing environment. The earliest known fossil organisms are the single-celled forms resembling modern bacteria; they date from about 3.4 billion years ago. Evolution has resulted in successive radiations of new types of organisms, many of which have become extinct, but some of which have developed into the present fauna and flora of the world (Wilson 17). Evolution has been studied for nearly two centuries. One of the earliest evolutionists was Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, who argued that the patterns of resemblance found in various creatures arose through evolutionary modifications of a common lineage.
Another mechanism is a hereditable type of evolution is mutations. Mutations are alterations to a gene. Mutation can be harmful, beneficial or neutral. Mutations are the origin of the source of genetic diversity (9).Mutation that are harmful, hinders the chances of the organism chances of survival and are likely to die along with the mutations. Beneficial mutations increase the chances of the individual to survive in its environment, and they will be more likely to reproduce and pass on the gene to future generations (9).