1.Introduction
1.1 Background and purpose of the study
With the development of global economic integration, English has been an important tool in various international associating activities. Therefore, it’s necessary for us to know and learn the art of rhetoric in business English. No matter in business letters or in business negotiations, the business personnel often express their views and put forward suggestions by means of euphemism and euphemistic presentations so that it can be easier to create good business environment leading to a win-win situation.
In terms of business negotiation, the final success largely depends on the application of language for negotiation is an activity carried by language. Because of both two parties must try
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The former one is closely related to taboo words, such as birth, death, sex and so on. And it will give people quite different feelings depending on direct or indirect way you take to express these taboo words. On the contrary, the latter one has nothing to do with taboo words. Actually it is compliment in a way.
2.2 Cause of euphemism
Euphemism runs a long history, which can be traced back to ancient times. The earliest euphemism came into being with the emergence of taboos. At that time, human beings couldn’t withstand any natural disasters with their low social productivity. Also, they couldn’t account for some natural phenomena so they felt scared and turned to superstition and religion. In order not to offend gods, many taboos appeared. Thus euphemism emerged at the right moment when people had to talk something about these taboo words.
“Social members thought that the language itself can bring happiness or disaster to human beings and that language is the root of the fortunes. Who want to offend the root would receive a double punishment. On the other hand, who want to please the root will get the sanctuary and bless” (Chen Yuan,
Language has the power to influence and reshape our thoughts and actions. In Anthem, by Ayn Rand, there is a society which controls the language of everyone in it. Under the World Council, everyone is to follow the many rules put in place and no one even tries to break them. There is no “I” in their language, there is only “we”. With the power to influence and reshape people, language has a big impact on our thoughts and actions.
It is highly imperative for Company ABC members to know how to engage probably to avoid misunderstandings, conflicts and potential loss of business clients. In the case of verbal communication, the obvious challenge lies in language difference. Although increasing amount of people are learning how to speak english, not having basic understudying of Mandarin or other Chinese dialects can have negative implications on the success of Company ABC. Even with the use of an interpreter, lost in translation or miss representation of meaning can be a problem. For example, when people say “yes” in the U.S, it suggests that they agree with what is being communicated. However, when Chinese say “yes,” it simply means that they are paying attention.
Even nowadays, there still an issue that connected with language and related to cultures such as cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. Cultural relativism is a behavior in one culture that should not be judged by another’s value system which basically is a belief of own culture practice with respect and understand the different of other culture. While ethnocentrism is the opposite of cultural relativism. It is the ideal that one’s own culture is the main standard and better than other cultures such if other’s culture practice is contrary to your cultural norm, that practice would be immediately wrong. In Language Myths provide many examples of this issue in many chapters which I will be discussing below.
And reading both Zeisler and Weaver's message in their articles you can see that both their messages that they are trying to give over to their readers coincide with one another. When Weaver says 'How is your own attitude about profanity shaped by the environments in which you grew up?' it shows how Weaver in actuality is agreeing that the meaning of words can be received differently by having the environment and community that you live in, connect the word to a positive or negative
Negotiation occurs when two or more parties strive to resolve their divergent interests and derive a decision through effective communication and negotiation strategies (Pruitt, 2013). Negotiation is pervasive in our everyday life. Moreover, it is a learned skill that promotes flexibility and adaptability to effectively navigate relationships and potential business partnerships. Many people overestimate their negotiating abilities and enter into negotiations with an inflated sense of their skills, which leads to less than optimal results (Clenney, 2013). Perfecting the art of negotiation requires the understanding of the negotiators personal style, including their communication competency, as well as their values and beliefs.
In this module I learned about the meaning of a rhetorical situation, how to analyze one, what is the importance of analyzing one, the features that one should conceder while doing so. Also I learned that each rhetorical situation can be analyzed by the communicator or by a member of the audience. I think that it is important to analyze a rhetorical situation to get better understanding of the topic delivered. In this module I managed to analyze an example of a rhetorical situations very well, at first I didn’t understand all the features of the analyzing process, after searching a little bit, and working on the assignments it became more clear.
Negotiation is referred to as a manner of resolving conflict between opposing parties in order to find an outcome that benefits each side. “In a win/win negotiation, strategies are used to facilitate a lasting agreement that satisfies the needs of both parties.”(Nierenberg, 1983) Negotiations are a constant occurrence on a daily basis. Many times we do not even realize that we are in the middle of a negotiation. Yet, just mentioning the word “negotiation” will send some people into a tailspin. Being in the middle of a negotiation that involves big purchases such as vehicles or real estate can be very frightening and stressful. They envision the stress of trying to broker a deal with a car salesman who has been trained to negotiate the best deal that will benefit the car dealership rather than the customer. But actually, 99.9 percent of the time negotiations are merely collaborating with someone in order to come up with an outcome that is beneficial to everyone involved.
In this assignment, I am going to analyze a financial analysis report of Microsoft Corporation in order to explore the benefit of using the rhetorical strategy and the rhetorical appeal in writing. The full title of this report is “management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations report,” which is also called MD&A (“2016 annual financial report”). The MD&A is a disclosure note written by the Chief Executive Officer of Microsoft Corporation, and the purpose of this report is to help the potential audiences better understand the operation strategies and financial results of the corporation so that these potential readers can have more confidence to make their decisions and do business with Microsoft Corporation.
Most of the common activities in our daily life present an opportunity to negotiate, whether or not we realise it. Meta-reflecting upon my negotiation experiences during the class and other activities have led me to identify few common themes. In this assignment, the two themes I will be discussing are (1) the importance of being clear on the strategic intent and big picture thinking, and (2) the importance of managing the negotiation process through understanding the various phases and visualising negotiation as a train journey.
When negotiating with anyone, let alone another country or culture, it is important to understand the beliefs and proper edict of whom you are working with. By understanding the key components: religion or life philosophy, greeting behavior, meals and entertainment behavior, formality, group behavior, and non-oral communications style you will be able to put together the best negotiation tactics and create a better chance at achieving the outcome you desire. For my research I have chosen a negotiation with business people from Mexico.
Meaningful communication between two or more individuals rarely leads to 100% agreement between all parties involved. More commonly, there are disagreements on certain points. In a close relationship like a marriage, which is also a partnership; in a strong business relationship; or in a hostage situation, these disagreements must be worked out satisfactorily for both sides in order for the relationship to remain healthy and/or the outcome to be positive. When the parties must reach an agreement or a compromise, one of the best communication strategies is negotiation.
Fredric William Swierczek (2006) ‘Dimensions of Success in International Business Negotiations’ Journal of Intercultural Communication 11. Available from < http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr11/numprasertchai.htm > [ 1 April 2014]
This paper analyzes the use of idiomatic expressions in the context of Business English. It includes general research into exactly what constitutes and idiom as well as the history of their role in the English language. The paper also contains research in regards to the frequency of chapters and lessons concerning idioms found in in Business English textbooks. Additionally, the paper highlights the current business environment and attempts to quantify the most common idioms used today in company context. The available data is both limited and inconclusive, however some tangible conclusions can be drawn. Finally the paper assess the formality of idiomatic expressions and the appropriateness of which phrases are deemed acceptable, or deemed inappropriate,
established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words” or “a form of expression natural to a language, person, or group of people”. The Penguin Dictionary of English Idioms raises the same question, giving the following definition: “an idiom is the combination of words with a special meaning that cannot be inferred from its separate parts (…). It is impossible to infer the meaning of the idiom from the separate words in question. The meaning of the whole is different from the parts.” Therefore, idioms appear to be transparent to native speakers, while for those learning a second language, in our case, the English language, they tend to be hard or sometimes even impossible to understand. Idioms allow little
Facing this kind of factor cross in front of us, communication in business communication is of particular importance. Because the cultural differences will not only affect the negotiations each other on a variety of manners of application