Catherine Maternowska’s study of family planning takes place in one of the world’s poorest slums Cité Soleil in Haiti. Cité Soleil is a dirty and violent place. The main concern of the residents is survival; however, due to political instability it’s been a struggle. Duvalier family ruled Haiti for a long time, and poor people were often target of violence. Duvalier dictatorship was followed by democracy and new president Aristide. However, it all came to an end pretty soon, and those supporting democracy and Aristide were punished by beating, or even by death. Due to political reasons and events it was tough for Maternowska to access the field. Women have lower status than men, and sometimes men had to give consent for conducting an interview with women. Beating of innocent people, shooting, and rapes were common.
The main questions of the research were: “What influences high fertility and low contraceptive use in this urban community? And, why have international agencies’ responses to the problem failed?” (Maternowska 19). Maternowska used semistructured interviews of the residents of Cité Soleil including current and former contraceptive users as well as people who had never used it before, interviews of formal residents that escaped to Miami, observation, participant observation (attending rituals and events), or loosely structured interviews of family-planning professionals. She also got a lot of information at a family planning clinic where she attended staff meetings, interviewed medical director of the clinic, doctors, nurses, and family planning promoters, and observed the interaction between a doctor and a client. Maternowska adopted a theoretical approach called political economy of fertility (PEF) that portrays the r...
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...ust be willing to help. People ruling the country (their practices, distribution of power and resources) should also be questioned and possibly replaced; however, I believe it would need a great support of other countries. People in Haiti need to be educated and empowered. They must realize that the conditions they live in could be so much different if certain things like power relations change. Finally, they need to be included in the problem solving. The most effective changes will not come from outside, it will come from the residents of Cité Soleil themselves. When doctors give women certain type of contraceptive when different one is preferred, it will not lead to lower fertility rates. The same applies for tackling the complex problem. A solution from outside that is not in conformity with beliefs of residents of Cité Soleil will most likely be unsuccessful.
The articles purpose is to use legal sources to explore the decision to abort while the state, and the professions took a serious interest in the fertility control decisions of women. What is being argued is the fate of women burdened with unwanted pregnancies whose well-being was placed at risk by the law.
This essay is an ethnographic study of Whole Foods Market which is located in Kensington, London. Whole Foods Market is a niche supermarket that sells high quality organic and natural products at high prices. In this essay, I will provide a brief orientation of ethics with regards to the concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility - macroethics and Business Ethics - microethics and the theoretical frameworks of consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics. I will be using deontology framework in ethics devised by Immanuel Kant to assess if the marketing strategy and the products sold at Whole Foods Market support their principle of ‘organic and natural’.
Haiti is a small country in the West Indies and is the western third of the island Hispaniola (Rodman, Selden). According to Selden Rodman Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world and after the earthquake in 2010 they are way worse than they were before. The Earthquake changed a lot for everyone living there rich and poor. “Over 200,000 people died as a result of the earthquake another 2.3 lost their homes” (Haiti). This quote shows how bad the 7.0 Haiti Earthquake was that happened in January of 2010. The conditions are already awful for the people there and all the human rights violations happening are not helping. The conditions are so bad many are trying to flee their country and come to the United States even though they know that the chance of making it there is very slim (Human rights violations…). According to Richard Horton and William Summskill the United States did a survey test called the lancelet to get results from the Haitians on human rights violations happening. The survey showed us murders, women getting raped and other human violations numbers. This showed the United States that we should take action, because we had real evidence from the victims of the human rights violations in Haiti. One of the problems is that the United States does not know how to help. Haiti is so behind in everything; technology, inexperienced policemen, lacking a judicial system and their economy is very unstable. We should take action in Haiti because of these human rights violations; police and government abuse, women not getting their rights, and poor people not getting their rights.
In the article “FISTULA, A SILENT TRAGEDY FOR CHILD BRIDES”, the author Faith Fookes focuses on the impact of child marriage and the result of becoming pregnant at a young age without being developed fully to conceive a child. First, Fookes starts off defining obstetric fistula, as a childbirth complication resulting from the baby not existing the uterus because it is physically blocked; this occurs because woman 's vagina and bladder or rectum are damaged. She then addresses a shocking statistics about how fistula affects hundreds and thousands of women globally, and of that 90% of them is in Africa. And of this, the most vulnerable population is the young brides. She underlines the problem of child bride globally in which it results in an
Women's reproductive health is a debated and complex issue in today's society. Nowhere is its severity more prevalent than in areas of extreme poverty such as south and Central America. The resolution to these problems is far from simple. Yet, women are increasingly taking control of their lives and forming groups to combat many of the prejudices that hold them back. However highly debated some tactics for resolution may be it is hard to miss the shear urgency with which the issues of women's rights and health call us. The fight for gender equality cannot overlook the importance of equality in health care and control over one's own body. Women's health is an issue that passes along its concerns to another generation every time a child is born.
During the early twentieth century, the rate of unwanted childbirth was very high. Women in poor neighborhoods lived their lives in an almost constant state of pregnancy. Margaret Sanger recognized the need for women to be able to control their childbearing. She believed that unintentional childbearing caused many problems. She felt it led to poverty, abuse, crime, alcoholism, and joblessness. She saw the effect it had on the women’s emotional states and decided to make a difference. She provided women with the means and the knowledge to control their offspring. She gave them hope.
Advertisements about birth control pills and abortion clinics are never seen on television or even on billboards, but somehow people discover ways of acquiring birth control pills and finding abortion clinics. In a country where we can acquire certain items for free we tend to not think about who supplies or pay’s for these items. In every single state of the United States, birth control pills and abortion clinics can be found just around the corner. Based on “Pro Life Actions,” there are approximately 750 abortion clinics all over the United States. Also, with the help of “Planned Parent Hood,” bir...
Even after the plentiful aid that Haiti has received, it is still currently struggling to rebuild itself, hurricane Sandy also set this back with food shortages and cholera outbreaks. It is one of the extreme cases of relying on aid. Corruption takes place in this as all the aid does not reach the people, around 75% of the aid money has been said to be distributed to non-governmental organizations, as a result, many people still live In poverty to this day and some still in tents. Many areas still need to be rebuilt. There are problems in the sanitation and water also. The aid money was not used wisely and due to this the people of Haiti is struggling. (Haiti One Year Later, Pagget, Haiti Continues to Struggle).
Reflexivity has recently been designated as an indicator of postmodernism in anthropological texts. In this context, the practice is attacked as self-indulgent narcissism, but its true scope reaches much further. While some ethnographic texts exhibit an overemphasis on the author, and his position within the work, this is one extreme of the range reflexivity, which also serves as a methodological tool, unincorporated into the writing, and as a means to account for the ethnographers biases and affects on his informants. This entire span of meaning is shown in anthropological research and writings, in varying manners and to different ends.
In the article of “Advocates for Health MDGs Unite to Demand World Leaders Honor Funding Commitments” (July 21, 2009), PHR is calling on the convening of the UN General Assembly Governments committed themselves to immediately stop the worldwide women die in pregnancy and childbirth at an alarming rate. In the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) High-Level Meeting on September 25 in advance, International Initiative partners PHR and maternal mortality and human rights issued a call on governments to focus the fifth goal, and one has seen the least progress - maternal
The author mentions a few key take away main points. First of all, solutions must address the underlying causes of HIV risk among women. This mainly includes poverty and disempowerment because women in lower living standar...
In the second decade of the twentieth century, the U.S. birth control movement became an important topic among Americans. It was at this time that Margaret Sanger, the eventual founder of Planned Parenthood, became involved in the radical movement for voluntary motherhood and the distribution of contraceptives (Hartmann). As a nurse she assisted poor women in giving birth, and saw the effect of having too many children on the welfare of these women. She also saw the suffering, pain, and death of many women who obtained unsafe, backdoor abortions to escape having more children (Shaw, Lee).
The healthcare of the poor in the US can provide information that can be useful in Haiti’s public health crisis. In specific, the inequalities and poverty that the poor have to face in the US can provide framework for Haiti’s public health crisis. Farmer discusses how medical treatment can be expensive for poor Americans, especially since there have been numerous advances in biomedicine that make treatment quite expensive. If poor Americans cannot afford access to treatment, then it is nearly impossible for Haitians to be able to experience quality care either. In the US, tuberculosis is common in homeless shelters and in prison, which tend to be crowded areas. In Haiti, tuberculosis is also common mainly because families tend to live together and interact with each other frequently (e.g., Annette Jean and her family). Since there are commonalities in both the US and Haiti, Haiti’s health crisis may be solved by applying strategies that allow the US poor to access quality healthcare. The US has the money to try different strategies, while Haiti does
Another area of the world where women are lacking reproductive rights is Columbia. Many women in Columbia cannot afford contraceptives and abortion is illegal. Women are forced to have abortions by a non-professional or induce them on themselves. Abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and hospitalization. Sterilization has now become the largest form of family planning in Columbia because contraceptives are not affordable. They either have to take the chance and risk dealing with an unwanted pregnancy or abortion or they have to use steri...
Embarking on a journey of anthropological fieldwork will undoubtedly include a plethora of setbacks. At its foundation, fieldwork requires developing rapport with the native people in order to gain access of genuine knowledge pertaining to the specific culture being studied. Subsequently, social communication between the researcher and the native people is a key component to the entire process; yet simultaneously it is a root of the many problems a researcher can encounter while in the field. It is no secret that the cultural background of the researcher can often highly contrast the culture he or she enters during fieldwork. This initial cultural adaptation one must undergo while doing anthropological fieldwork is what many in the realm describe as culture shock.