It is generally agreed upon that psychology and the development of a universal ethical code is culturally embedded and subject to the ebb and flow of a regions’ social, political, cultural and economic environment. The necessity and the components of an ethical code are mitigated by cultural shifts. Specifically, “…ethics codes in psychology emerge from a complex interaction of micro and macro events and focuses, ultimately reflecting the values and traditions of the normative systems in which they are constituted” (Stevens as cited in Stevens, 2010, p. 2).
Ethical Cultural Conflict in the Application of Psychological Ethical Codes
Even though international ethical codes have been devised using collaborative processes with an adherence to
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“The dramatic changes in the social context of South African society have brought into sharp focus issues of the relevance and appropriateness of psychological practice” (Vogelman, Perkel & Strebel, 1992). Its past, steeped in slavery, colonialism, racism and more recently apartheid is inseparable from South Africa’s development and practice of psychology. Traditionally, psychology in South Africa was segregated and dismissive of the needs, desires and well-being of a majority of its citizens. Apartheid as an institutional practice created and formed the basis for awe-inspiring ethical paradoxes and human rights …show more content…
A single indigenous South African was admitted to the organization in 1962, prompting a number of its members to form an all-white offshoot of the agency (PIRSA). While the two organizations eventually collaborated in 1970 and 1983, ushering in the formation of the Psychological Association of South Africa; during this time, public services were substandard, quality services were beyond the price range of the average individual of color, and services were not structured to suit the psychosocial needs of is its citizens. As a result, the unique problems faced by South Africans were not targeted by psychology professionals and a substantial portion of individuals were inappropriately diagnosed. Given that continued impact of institutional racism during this time period, the development of psychology in South Africa remained under the influence of Afrikaans men until it became a democratic nation in 1994 (Cooper as cited in Leach, et al, 2012; Vogelman, et al, (1992).
As Cooper explains (as cited in Leach, et al, 2012), since the abolition of apartheid in 1994, “The burgeoning development of psychology as a profession in the southern African region has resulted in a quest to create ethics frameworks in those countries where psychology has legal recognition, using international benchmarking”
The messaging in both the Canadian Health Information Management Association (CHIMA) and Canada’s Health Informatics Association (COACH) Code of Ethics are very similar. They both discuss prioritizing privacy and security, set an expectation of maintaining a professional and collegial work ethic, encourage the continuing of education and building of one's knowledge base and both refer to a focus on the awareness of future developments/advancements within the industry. My initial preference was the CHIMA Code of Ethics as I preferred the phrasing and third person approach, however, upon further review I noticed that CHIMA’s used the word ‘strive’ instead of COACH’s approach of ‘I will’. This to me seems to have less impact then the COACH counterpart.
Even the Rat Was White, first published in 1976, includes research, writing, and discussions addressing Guthrie’s belief that “the profession of psychology had maintained an unhealthy alliance with several racist
A little background history about Joseph white would be beneficial in understanding why I choose him to write my paper about. In addition, it would be informative to the reader of his lifestyle and why he became a psychologist. Joseph white had a general childhood. He was born in Lincoln Nebraska, but had moved shortly after to Minneapolis, Minnesota. White has been married twice. His first wife and him had three beautiful children. He did remarried again, but does not have any children with his current wife. The more important information about in childhood was that he never had a desire to further his education after high school. Mr. White’s mother had convinced him to do further his education. Whites mother had sent him to college Preparatory School at young age. He studied at San Francisco University, and continued on to get his PhD at Michigan State University in 1962. Mr. White studied at San Francisco University, ...
Smith, R. A., & Davis, S. F. (2013). The psychologist as detective: An introduction to conducting research in psychology. Boston: Prentice Hall.
Which of the six principles in the AICPA Code of Conduct is most related to Article 1.5 of the California Accountancy Act? Explain your conclusion.
A range of international events have recently focused attention on the issue of prejudice; increasing ethno-nationalistic tensions in former Eastern block countries, racial conflict in the Middle East, Africa and intergroup conflict related to " race debates " in Europe, The U.S.A and Australia. Psychology is the only discipline, which over the past century has consistently and systematically investigated the issue of prejudice and race.
American Psychological Association. (2014). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx?item=3
The Ethical Standards set forth enforceable rules for conduct as psychologists who are members of the American Psychological Association. Most of the Ethical Standards are written broadly, in order to apply to psychologists in varied roles, although the application of an Ethical Standard may vary depending on the context. The Ethical Standards are not exhaustive. The fact that a given conduct is not specifically addressed by an Ethical Standard does not mean that it is necessarily either ethical or unethical. This Ethics Code applies only to psychologists' activities that are part of their scientific, educational, or professional roles as
Hendrik Voewoerd was born on September 8, 1901 in Netherlands, Australia. At the age of two, he and his family traveled to South Africa, where his father hoped to become a missionary . During his childhood, his family was rarely stationary. At the tender age of 23, he earned his Ph.D. in psychology. Shortly after, he established the first department of sociology and social work in South Africa4. After finishing his studies in the 1930’s Voewoerd began his start in politics as chairperson of the Socio-Economic Committee. American sociology and America’s ideology of separate but equal fascinated Dr. Verwoerd. In 1948, he became the successor of J.G. Strijdom in South Africa. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, he was responsible for the start of the apartheid. His aim as prime minister was to hold up Afrikaner white domination. He chose to do so by using oppressive laws, and he used intimidation by using local security, police, and army to frighten the
This trend has mistakenly portrayed the Whites as the racism propagators while the Blacks as the racism victims in all circumstances (Neville, Awad, Brooks, Flores, & Bluemel, 2013). For that reason, this research proposal proposes to carry out a study on the aspect of race and the mental and health effects of racism and racial stereotyping on the White people living in South Africa. The hypotheses for the proposed study will be:
Discrimination against people who are different can be identify in every country around the world. People of every sex, color, religion, and in this case, ethnicity are tormented. In the 1940's, 50's, 60's, and 70's apartheid was an emanate injustice throughout the land of South Africa. Apartheid was the government's rigid policy racial segregation between white Europeans and black natives. The official goal of apartheid was to establish laws that would isolate these groups in most activities, especially in education, employment, housing, and politics. The word apartheid means apartness in Afrikaans, one of South Africa's official languages. This inequity caused great conflict between the races. This conflict can be seen through the experiences of Steven Kumalo and James Jarvis, the main characters in the contemporary novel, on which, this paper is written. Both Steven and James have their own different views of apartheid. The character's views of racial segregation in the novel, "Cry, The Beloved Country," by Alan Paton, are reciprocated, resulting in new views of the black and white seclusion.
Alan Paton wrote Cry the Beloved Country in 1948. During this time South Africa was under Apartheid. The Apartheid was an extreme case of racial discrimination that severely affected South Africa as a country and still continues to affect it to this day. Under the Apartheid African Native peoples were forced to find any sort of work possible that would keep food on the table, that included many unsavory jobs that were done out of necessity but would slowly become something much more dangerous. The danger would come out of the fact that even when done out of necessity these unsavory jobs would act as a parasite and would slowly influence and ruin their host without them even knowing it until it was too late. The book that is the subject of this essay describes the parasites of this time period in South Africa and the triumph over the ignorance that trails it. Alan Paton wrote a story describing the journey of a Zulu Priest from the South African countryside who embarks on a quest to find his estranged sister and son. Along this journey the Zulu Priest, Stephen Kumalo, is exposed to the unstable and unpredictable city of Johannesburg where he must hold on to his own personal ethics and endure the long and emotionally painful journey towards a better understanding, forgiving, and hopeful future. There are two main paradoxes in this story; the first is that of a priest’s son who murders Arthur Jarvis, a man that has dedicated his life to bettering the lives of the oppressed, which in this case are the African native peoples, which includes the man’s killer. The second paradox is that of the father of the murdered man, James Jarvis, and...
Ethics play a vital role in day-to-day living from work to home. The ability to recognize ethical dilemmas and apply ethical theories to resolve ethical dilemmas is essential part of an individual 's psychological, physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. The purpose of this paper is to explore the strengths and weakness of the American Psychological Association (APA) code of ethics, apply and evaluate the eight-step ethical decision-making model, discuss the role of deontology in ethical reasoning, resolution, and multicultural issues in the case study.
American Psychiatric Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychological Association (APA), Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
I have always thought that Nelson Mandela has been one of the most important people in history. I find it very fascinating that one man could end the Apartheid and that is why I want to find out more about this. South Africa is a country with a past of enforced racism and separation of its multi-racial community. The White Europeans invaded South Africa and started a political system known as 'Apartheid' (meaning 'apartness'). This system severely restricted the rights and lifestyle of the non-White inhabitants of the country forcing them to live separately from the White Europeans. I have chosen to investigate how the Apartheid affected people’s lives, and also how and why the Apartheid system rose and fell in South Africa.