UNAIDS
Jon C. Walters
IR 34-001
5/8/14
Box 1804
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS or UNAIDS for short was established in 1994 by a resolution of the UN Economic and Social Council and launched in 1996 with a main mission; to lead, strengthen, and support an expanded response to HIV and AIDS that includes preventing transmission of HIV, providing care and support to those already living with the virus, reducing the vulnerability of individuals and communities to HIV and alleviating the impact of the epidemic. UNAIDS is guided by a program coordinating board with five representatives from 22 governments from all different geographic regions, UNAIDS cosponsors, and five representatives of nongovernmental organizations that include associations of people living with HIV/AIDS. As of today the UNAIDS has ten main targets in helping succeed in their main mission; “reducing sexual transmission, preventing HIV among drug users, eliminating new HIV infections among children, have 15 million people accessing treatment, avoid TB deaths, close the resource gap, eliminating gender inequalities, eliminating stigma and discrimination, eliminating travel restrictions, and strengthening HIV integration.” This paper will be looking at each one of the goals and looking at the active and recent work that UNAIDS has been doing to try and complete their goals.
Reducing Sexual Transmission
The UNAIDS’s first target is “reducing sexual transmission of HIV by fifty percent by the year 2015.” This is there first target because it is one the most important because it is one of the main ways that HIV is spread from person to person. One of main stances that UNAIDS has used for this getting to the target of reducing sexual transmissi...
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...the transmission of HIV from mother to child down to 5 percent while making sure that 90 percent of both perinatal and breastfeeding mothers receive antiretroviral therapy or prophylaxis. The fourth prong is making sure that 90 percent of women continue to have lifelong antiretroviral therapy. Countdown to Zero’s global plan covers all low and middle income countries, but it focuses extra resources to the top 22 countries that have the highest estimated number of pregnant women that have HIV by supporting and reinforcing the country’s national HIV plans. The plan was developed through a high level global task force team from UNAIDS, the UNAIDS executive director, and the United States Global AIDS coordinator ambassador being together over 35 different countries and 40 civil society, private sector, networks of people living with HIV and international organizations
The compassionate novel Deadly Unna?, written by Phillip Gwynne, creates vivid characters and depicts race discourses experienced by Gary Black (also known as Blacky) in a fictitious South Australian coastal community. The novel portrays a typical coastal town of the 1970s and is set mainly in the Port: the local Pub, the Black family home and the jetty, where the local children play. The story explores the racism between the Nungas (the indigenous population who live at the Point) and the Gooynas (the white population who live at the Port). As Blacky is from the Port, he only begins to develop awareness of the racism around him as a result of his friendship with Dumby Red, a Nunga football player, and consequently stops making racist jokes and comments. Analysis of racist ideas in the town, the marginalisation of the Nunga community, Blacky’s changing beliefs and how it influences and empowers him to respond to the death of Dumby Red, reveals that Gwynne encourages the reader to reject the racist values, attitudes and beliefs of Blacky’s community.
The setting in both Lord of the Flies and I Only Came to Use the Phone contributes to the dehumanization of the characters in each of the readings. The settings are both isolated, which is the cause of all the chaos that takes place because when you take a human being out of the comfort of society, they go back to their natural animalistic tendencies in order to survive. Survival of the fittest is present in these quotes. Also, the island archetype plays a huge role in both of the stories.
Vice Special Report: Countdown to Zero starts out in Austin, Indiana, where there is reportedly a high number of HIV cases due to intravenous drug users. Many of the citizens of the county did not seem to be informed about the basic facts and causes of the disease, according to the police officer that was interviewed. The documentary then went on to interview a man who has HIV, but does not show the symptoms, a very rare case. Then, Dr. Larry Corey is interviewed and he explains that the man from the previous scene does not show symptoms because his body is able to create antibodies to stop HIV virus cells. The very effective cocktail drug is then discussed. The research center in which Dr. Corey works in houses many possible vaccinations for the epidemic, which are tested all the time. Dr. Corey then discusses a vaccination that had 30% effectiveness in Thailand in 2003.
In “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop, the narrator attempts to understand the relationship between humans and nature and finds herself concluding that they are intertwined due to humans’ underlying need to take away from nature, whether through the act of poetic imagination or through the exploitation and contamination of nature. Bishop’s view of nature changes from one where it is an unknown, mysterious, and fearful presence that is antagonistic, to one that characterizes nature as being resilient when faced against harm and often victimized by people. Mary Oliver’s poem also titled “The Fish” offers a response to Bishop’s idea that people are harming nature, by providing another reason as to why people are harming nature, which is due to how people are unable to view nature as something that exists and goes beyond the purpose of serving human needs and offers a different interpretation of the relationship between man and nature. Oliver believes that nature serves as subsidence for humans, both physically and spiritually. Unlike Bishop who finds peace through understanding her role in nature’s plight and acceptance at the merging between the natural and human worlds, Oliver finds that through the literal act of consuming nature can she obtain a form of empowerment that allows her to become one with nature.
UNAIDS. HIV-related stigma, discrimination and human rights violations : case studies of successful programmes. UNAIDS best practice collection, WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, 2005, 4-5.
Antisocial personality disorder is a personality disorder marked by a general pattern of disregard for a violation of other people’s rights. Explanations of antisocial personality disorder come from the psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological models. As with many other personality disorders, psychodynamic theorists propose that this disorder starts with an absence of parental love during infancy leading to a lack of basic trust. In this view, the children that develop this disorder respond to early inadequacies by becoming emotionally distant, and they bond with others through use of power and destructiveness. Behavioral theorists have suggested that antisocial symptoms may be learned through modeling, or imitation. As evidence, they point to the higher rate of antisocial personality disorder found among the parents of people with this disorder. Other behaviorists suggest that some parent’s unintentionally teach antisocial behavior by regularly awarding a child’s aggressive behavior. The cognitive view says that people with this disorder hold attitudes that trivialize the importance of other people’s needs. Cognitive theorists also believe that these people have a genuine difficulty recognizing a point of view other than their own. Finally studies show that biological factors may play an important role in developing antisocial disorder. Researchers have found that antisocial people, particularly those with high impulse and aggression, display lower serotonin activity and has been linked this same activity with other studies as well.
Spink, Gemma. "AIDS." AVERTing HIV and AIDS. 23 Dec 2009. Web. 11 Jan 2010. .
The author mentions a few key take away main points. First of all, solutions must address the underlying causes of HIV risk among women. This mainly includes poverty and disempowerment because women in lower living standar...
Compounding these exceptionally troubling numbers is a significant population with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Again estimates vary, but the United Nations projects the national prevalence rate to be 4.5 percent of the population. Other estimates place the rate as high as 12 percent in the urban population and 5 percent in rural regions. As a small “win”, the infection rate for HIV/AIDS has recently shifted downward due to significant UNAIDS/WHO efforts (Haiti – Health).
The predominating factor that appears to characterize Ungern’s life were the many intersection (both ideologically, culturally, and spatially) that he experienced. Born a Baltic German in Austria in 1886, Ungern experienced changing philosophies of class and government. Most importantly he lived during the era of nationalistic beginnings in Europe. The Russian Empire’s success was based on its willingness to partner with local elites to govern. This meant that in many ways the state treated people on the periphery better than they treated those at the center in order to maintain the empire. An example of this policy were the Baltic Germans. Ungern, and his family, in Estland (modern day Estonia) were one of the many contracted to rule the
By the year 2000, 58 million people have been infected by HIV/AIDS and alarming numbers such as 22 million would have already died. And the epidemic continues to spread. HIV/AIDS historically is considered to be one of the longest running worldwide epidemics that we have ever seen, and figures cannot be placed on the true death tolls or estimation of the damage as the cycle still is yet to reach an end (Whiteside 2002). With Africa being the worst hit continent in the world in terms of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the severity of it’s prevalence; one can only begin to question whether HIV/AIDS and poverty and directly connected or the inter-linkages exacerbate one or the other. This paper aims to argue that HIV/AIDS is a manifestation of poverty, and simultaneously poverty contributes to growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Development in response both to poverty reduction and to HIV/AIDS is complicated when both have multi-dimensional and multi-faceted impacts on a society, whether it be social, economic or human development impacts. This paper will argue that pre-existing socio economic conditions within a country such as high levels of poverty, poor sanitation, malnutrition, environmental degradation and poor public healthcare systems and limited access to preventative care are crucial factors in contributing to the transfer of the infection (Pasteur: 2000, Mann: 1999).
Stoto, Michael A., Donna A. Almario, and Marie C. McCormick. Reducing the Odds: Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States. Washington, D.C.: National Academy, 1999. Print.
Due to the decisions of president Mbeki many people died because they did not receive the antiviral drugs that could have prolonged their lives. Also, many HIV+ women transmitted this virus to their children during childbirth because they were not given the antiviral medication needed during their pregnancy. The rate at which an infected ...
AIDS affects much of the world today; as of 2009, two million people have died from the disease (“What Is AIDS/HIV?”). There are two types of HIV which means that it is much harder to cure; however, since HIV-2 is usually only found in Africa, there is no real need to test for it in other parts of the world (“What Is AIDS/HIV”). The most affected country is Africa because Africa has the least amount of resources to combat the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has actually started using door-to-door testing methods in countries with huge epidemics like Uganda and Kenya (“HIV testing and counselling”). Though many AIDS patients who receive treatment will still die, their life will be prolonged...
HIV does not only affect the well-being of individuals, it has large impacts on households, communities and even nations as a whole. Peer discussions and personal research has also made me realize that some of the countries suffering from this HIV epidemic also rather unfortunately suffer from other infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis, relative poverty and economic stagnation. Despite these setbacks, new inte...