The way to define language can be quite intricate but is important to understand for the sake of human communication. Language possesses many different elements that are needed for one to understand it. Understanding how the language processing in cognitive psychology works, one should examine it and have a clear view on cognitive psychology (Boroditsky 2001). Basically, language is an intricate process of communication that flows with ones’ thoughts. Lexicon can be defined as somewhat of a mental dictionary.
As the application is to focus on written media discourse which has a great interest as Peter Garett and Allan Bell (1998) explained that "the media have long been a focus amongst those working with language and communication, as well as others working within the broader field of media studies. Bell (1995a:23) gives four main reasons for this. Firstly, media are a rich source of readily accessible data for research and teaching Secondly, media usage influences and represents people's use of and attitudes towards language in a speech community. Thirdly, media use can tell us a great deal about social meanings and stereotypes projected through language and communication. Fourthly, the media reflect and influence the formation and expression of culture, politics and social life"(P. 3,4).
Introduction Among the major social determinants of linguistic variation, gender is widely considered to be one of the most significant ones. According to research on a range of linguistic features, gender may even be the dominant factor. The relationship of gender and linguistic behavior is a compelling topic which is getting more and more attention since it is closely related to gender studies. It is widely agreed that men and women use language differently in most speech communities, though to various extents (Holmes, 2001). Many works on the topic indicate that gender-specific linguistic behavior is a social practice which is based on gender identities and power relations (Eckert & McConnell-Ginet, 1992; Bruckmüller, Hegarty & Abele, 2012).
Modern day linguistics has seen the arrival of many different viewpoints of language. Beginning with Noam Chomsky, unquestionably one of the most influential figures in recent linguistics, new theories and ideas have been introduced at a rapid rate. In part due to his status as a revitalizer in the field, but also due to his often controversial theories, Chomsky maintains a place at the center of this discussion. His search for a universal grammar and criticism of pure descriptivism have informed generations of research. Much of this has been reactionary against him, but his influence can not be discounted.
During the worldview you are able to integrate sense of existence and provides a theoretical framework for generating sustaining and applying knowledge. Both Linguistic Determinism and Linguistic Relativity Linguistic Determinism have many advantages and disadvantages. Linguistic Determinism reinforces certain ideas and pushes them into attention. It also stresses that language does exert great influences on patterns of thinking on culture. One of the disadvantages is that if two different languages if a language is very limited compared to a very complex language then the language with more complex vocabulary should be able to should be able to somewhat understand L2.
The paradigmatic relation operates by quality of association rather direct contact. Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic are somewhat the structure of a sentence, as in the
When this ability overlaps with the other gender, however, one might be considered as as outsider of their own gender. He then lists the main differences between males and femals with the connection with language: genetic differences, social differences (e.g. various roles people take within a certain society), and linguistic differences (e.g. speech style and word choice). Doing so, he gives readers an indepth idea about how gender differences link to various language behaviors.
The text is the words involved and composed of other symbols or visual and text is meaning any passage spoken and written. Speak is not only depend on what is said but also to how is said. Central to the meaning of talk are pauses, con of voice and gestures. Routines and activities are the communication viewed in terms of language practices. The people have spoken to communicate and interact.
The ideational structure involves relationships such as topic relations and cohesive relations between ideas andpropositions in the discourse. The action structure refers to the relations between speech acts. The exchangestructure indicates the mechanics of turn-taking between participants. The information state involves the everchangingorganization and management of knowledge and meta-knowledge of participants in interactionthroughout the discourse. Finally, the participation framework refers to the means by which speakers andhearers relate to each other (e.g.
One key aspect of grammar is an affix, which be further broken down into two forms: prefixes and suffixes. Adding the prefix “_____” to a stem word alters interpretation. 4. Grammar contains many variables that influence our understanding in communicating