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The western worlds understanding of secularism
The western worlds understanding of secularism
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In India, Secularism or the liberal tag is a much-maligned concept today. Rather than the lofty ethos that word should represent, ideas that come to our mind are the negative ideas of polarization, appeasement etc. Secularism and liberalism are no longer fashionable not because of any defect in their lofty meanings, but because of the ludicrous, boorish behavior of those who claim to be "liberal -secular intellectuals". Actually, respect for customs and beliefs of others, not just mere tolerance is ingrained in our since time immemorial, whereas in the West even the watered down concept of tolerance gained currency only in the last century. India gave the world the concepts of universal brotherhood and "vasudhaiva kutumbakam. Ours is one culture …show more content…
But, selectively attacking the beliefs and customs of a particular community cannot be condoned, as done by various organizations in the name of protest. Social media flooded with the posts [promoted by a phalanx of self-styled guardians secularism and liberty] of decrying the irrationality of the majority community in worshipping cow as “mother”. What happened to the basic tenant of secularism of respecting the religious beliefs of others? No religion or religious practices are fully rational. When the rationality of sacredness of cow is questioned, the rationale behind the virgin birth or behind the various tenets of Islam or any other religion also come under scrutiny. I can say with some confidence that rationality is not the strong suit religions. The disturbing fact is that the same people who come out all guns blazing when someone from the Hindu far right make any objectionable comment on minority customs spearheads the tirade against the customs of the majority community. Same goes for the concept of freedom of speech. If you find a rise of intolerance among the sections of normally docile majority community, the major reason is the decades of politics of appeasement, and stoking of minority communalism in the name of "secularism". Selective outrage, and blatant hypocrisy of the mainstream media, and the so-called "liberals" made the majority community feel victimized in a country where they make up 80% of the population. It was just a matter of time before some majority groups realized that they too can play the game of sentiments or stifle free speech in the name of hurt sentiments. Now, it's a free for all
For more than a century, the concept of secularism and its boundaries has been widely disputed by secularists and non-secularists alike. English dictionaries define secularism as simply the separation of church and state, or, the separation of religion and politics. Michael Walzer, a true secularist, believes that this separation is an essential democratic value and ultimately fosters toleration of a plurality of religions (Walzer, p. 620). Wæver, an opponent of secularism, defines secularism as “a doctrine for how society ought to be designed”– that religion and politics ought to be divided in order to ensure religious liberty, as well as religious-free politics. However, he does not deem that such a principle exists (Wæver, p. 210). Based on these different viewpoints, I have established a unique concept of secularism: the principle that religion and politics be kept apart, that the state remains neutral in regard to religion, and that liberty, equality, and fraternity be upheld in an attempt to successfully promote religious toleration and pluralism.
than it has been in the past, it is the argument of whether or not
Muslims, Sikhs, and many other religious affiliations have often been targeted for hate crimes, racial slurs, and misfortunate events. We are all different in our own ways some are good and some are bad yet one event changes everything for everyone affiliated with the group. The book The Politics of the Veil by Joan Scott a renowned pioneer in gender studies gives a detailed and analytical book of about the French views towards the Muslim females in France during 2004. The author talks about why the French governments official embargo of wearing conspicuous signs is mainly towards the headscarves for Muslim girls under the age of eighteen in public schools. The main themes of book are gender inequality, sexism, and cultural inequality historical schools used in the book are history of below, woman’s history, cultural history, and political history. In this essay, I will talk about why Joan Scotts argument on why the French government’s ban on wearing conspicuous signs was
According to Entwistle (2015) epistemology falls under the science of philosophy which main concerns are theory and explanation of knowledge. (Entwistle, 2015) Main epistemic methods are logical reasoning and empiricism. Some other concerns are doubts if our knowledge claims present just an opinion or justified belief. The basic epistemologic foundation is a search for a causation and proofs. For instance, if the God exists is there any empirical data to support that statement? I certanly believe that epistemology and Christianty stand in front of each other. In other words, they are on oposite sides and fundamentally incompatible with each other.
Humanity is made in the image of God. Therefore, all people have unique and valuable gifts to contribute to society. Every individual is also a sinner in need of redemption through Christ’s death and resurrection. Developing a relationship with Christ is the foundational purpose of my Christian educational practice. Instruction must be differentiated because each student is a unique creation. Effective differentiation is impossible without the guidance of the Holy Spirit and the use of research-based instructional methods and formative evaluation. Powerful teaching constantly modifies instruction to best address the needs of the each student and provides a foundation of love that recognizes each child as a gift from God.
The words “Secularism” and “Religion” are used to describe abstract concepts with subjective definitions. As distinct as they are, they also act as mirrors to each other; as one cannot survive without the other to push against, no matter what definition is given to them. These words as defined by various writers, feminists, scholars and historians can be used to define and query these two categories. Gross, Castelli, Cady & Fessenden, Mahmood, Braude and Moallem use examples, culture, and opinions to define each in a different way. While they may be categories, secularism and religion are also answers to some of mankind’s biggest questions; but ultimately they are one in the same and seek to unite followers under a common cause.
In today’s society, there are roughly around 4,200 religions that exist on this planet. Some define "religion" as a cultural system of behaviors and practices that help people make important decisions in life. Out of the many religions, Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism have many similarities that connect them to one another. Themes of morality, justice, love are found through both the Buddha's teaching and the Hebrew and Christian Bible.
There are many social institutions that have major impacts on society. One of the trickiest social institutions would have to be, religion. Religion seems to have a huge impact on a society even if it’s directly or indirectly. Why is that? Do we need it? Does it let us live a more fulfilled life? What effects does it have on society? Is it necessary for a functioning society? According to Dalton Conley (2013:611) sociology defines religion as being a unified system of beliefs traditions, and practices around sacred things; a set of shared “stories” that guide belief and action. Religion is a way for people to make sense of the world, it keeps society in line with expected behaviors. Without religion people would subside to create their own rules and would deem to follow a path that could harm a society and come to an end. Religion is necessary for a society to function, prosper, and for someone to learn how to be a well moral contributor to society.
Scholars have been trying to come up with a well-founded, acceptable and universal definition of religion for years; however, none of these definitions so far are a perfect fit for all religions of the world. There are many things in our life that are well defined and well understood but, unfortunately, religion is not one of them. There is no common ground and understanding of what religion really means. Religion is what we make of it, so no one can truly define religion in a way that is meaningful across all borders as it is outside of the realm of reason and rationale and the definitions we give could be either too exclusive or inclusive.
Political and social reform in India was achieved as a result of the European political principles brought to India by the British. Indians were Anglicised, and the British ideal for an Indian was to be "Indians in blood and colour, but English in tastes, opinions and intellect", as put by one British legislator (Rich, 214, 1979). This Western education inevitably led to well-read Indians encountering European principles such as human rights, freedoms of speech, travel and association, and liberalism.
Secularised ethics can be defined as “The basic principles of right action, especially with reference to a particular person, profession etc.” Christian ethics however cannot be as simply defined. Ethical values of Christians cannot be reduced to a set of rules that can be easily followed and obeyed. A definition that gives an idea of Christian Ethics can be given in this form,
Religion itself can mean many different things and is interpreted differently by each group of people. The literal meaning of the word “religion” is “a specific fundamental set of beliefs and practices generally agreed upon by a number of persons or sects.” Religion is divided into different secs such as Christians, Muslims, Jews, etc. Although religion is aimed to unite people and bring them together, I believe there are certain aspects that divide people or make them “different” from everyone else. The factors that have caused religion to divide are war and violence, the caste system, and rituals.
Secularism is a belief that education or morality shouldn’t be based upon religion. It is developed as an attitude in a person who simply looks at a Christian, Jewish or Muslim as a man/women. A secular person doesn’t owe his moral values to any religion. He follows the lead of humanism which is a form of religion for that particular secular person. Believe it or not, but we all believe in secularism in some sort of way apart from people who are blindfolded and believe in superstition in many countries such as India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and other countries located in Asia. This is because of the high amount of illiteracy rate.
As a country with multiple religions, a secular state, the political process has been moulded. around not only ethnicity and caste but religion has proved to be a major factor in the decision. India has long been known as a very spiritual, religious. area of the world. Religion is a way of life, an integral part of Indian tradition.
Secular ethics are thoughts and ideas based upon what people believe to be moral and right. Those with secular ethical beliefs do not believe that ethics or morality originate from a higher power or from God, but are discovered or invented by humans throughout the ages. Often people with secular make decisions based on his or her “gut instincts.” There are no absolute truths regarding morality within the realm of secular ethics, which leaves the interpretation of morality up to individual people (Ethics-A general Introduction).