Humans are always learning new things every day of their lives, whether they are learning how to improve themselves or how the world around them works. They learn what is good and what is bad, what behaviors help increase their chance of survival, and what behaviors help get themselves a certain reward. Whether that reward is something vital to their existence or just brings some form of pleasure, humans will learn or teach others how to achieve that goal. Humans also teach each other what are terrible things to do and what the consequences are for those actions. It is an ongoing cycle that will last forever, parent to child and vice versa. However, how people learn and where they learn it from can cause or be effected by addiction. Certain …show more content…
The newest student in a school will learn to act how people want them to act, an employee will work the way their employers want them to work, and a child will do what their parents do. The last bond, the one between parent and child, is the strongest one and where a person will learn the most from. From birth, people look up to their parents and learn from them, whether or not the person knows what they are learning from them. In some cases, some less than desirable behaviors are picked up, despite whatever the parent says about the behavior. This is what observational learning is. Observational learning is when a person learns by example, usually by seeing what other people do in certain situations (Spielman, 2014). More often than not, these people are authority figures or people who looked up to. If a child sees their parent doing something, whether its drinking after a stressful day at work or smoking an addictive substance, they begin to copy that behavior later on. A child, who will one day grow up, will remember how their parents decided to unwind, falling into the same addictions as they saw their parents did when they were young. A child would think that doing drugs or drinking large amounts of alcohol was a good way of dealing with problems or life, carrying that with them into their adulthood. Just because they saw their most trusted authority figures do …show more content…
Addiction does go beyond just drugs and alcohol. Take gambling for example. People get addicted to gambling, paying more and money for a payout that may never happen, an especially prevalent problem for those with addictive personalities. People who are affected by this are on a variable reinforcement schedule, which is hard to break. A variable reinforcement schedule is when a person learns a behavior by being rewarded for doing something after a random amount of times (Spielman, 2014). That is what kind of conditioning schedule gambling parlors use to increase the amount of times a person uses their machines or bets on their cards. They make them believe that they can at any time, encouraging them to play more. The extinction of this behavior from this conditioning schedule is extremely slow. Extinction is when a behavior starts to die out and appears less and less, until its gone (Spielman, 2014). However, gambling addicts can stop. Either they begin to lose too many times or they are forced by their loved ones to stop and go to rehab, the addictive behavior will eventually regress and go through extinction. Addiction is a behavior that can be taught, but it can also be broken in time. However, people do relapse, so the process may have to be gone through all over
Addiction /ə-ˈdik-shən, a-/ noun 1. A strong and harmful need to regularly have something (such as a drug) or do something (such as gamble), 2. An unusually great interest in something or a need to do or have something (Addiction). Addiction can cause a person to sabotage their lives in order to get their next fix, whether that be scoring another gram of coke or a double with cheese, a large fry, and a large soda. Addicts are stuck in a constant cycle of getting cravings, going through with their ritual, using, experiencing guilt, and being emotionally triggered, thus bringing them back to the beginning. Now, most people when they hear the word “addiction”, the first thing that comes to their mind is drugs. However, if a vast majority of individuals
Sally Satel, author of “Addiction Doesn’t Discriminate? Wrong,” leads us down a harrowing path of the causes and effects that lead people to addiction. It can be a choice, possibly subconscious, or a condition that leads a person left fighting a lifelong battle they did not intend to sign up for. Mental and emotional health/conditions, personality traits, attitudes, values, behaviors, choices, and perceived rewards are just a few of the supposed causes of becoming an addict.
In 2010, an estimated 23.5 million Americans were addicted to alcohol and/or drugs and needed treatment or supportive services (Partnership for drug free kids). Most people make the assumption that those that are addicted to a substance are just making poor choices. I will have to admit that I was one of those people that thought that it should be easy to quit something so toxic. It wasn 't until I did the research myself that I found addiction is actually a disease. It takes a lot more then willpower to just stop using something that a person 's brain has become so accustomed to. With all of the advances in science we now have a better idea of what leads to addiction. This doesn 't mean that poor choices and life decisions don 't attribute to addiction, but these causes increase the likelihood of an individual becoming addicted to a substance. The majority of individuals that abuse drugs or alcohol will admit to having a history of childhood trauma, alcoholics in the family, or drug use in their social circle.
They are in most cases driven by addiction from the surrounds in which they have grown up in. For some, they may not necessarily end up addicts but carry lifelong scars. Quitting an addiction does not fully rely on one 's willpower. The brain change in addicts makes them adapt to the drug and hence the difficulty to quit. Pressure from loved ones plays an important role in their lives turn around. Addiction is not necessarily a helpless situation as it may be seen by non-addicts. When an addict seems not to guarantee recovery from his first treatment, many may give up on him. However, it takes persistence and patience for one to fully recovery. (Volkow,
Addiction is something that may seem inevitable but at the end it’s entirely the fault of a person who is addicted. In the article by Charles Duhigg ‘the power of habit’ Angie Bachmann got addicted to gambling, it was because of her fault as she kept accepting the offers from cassino and many other reasons.. Both knew what they were doing but still Angie let herself get into the situation, and the casino encouraged it. She was a well settled housewife, when everybody used to leave the house she was all alone. One fine day, while passing through the street she took a visit to casino just for a change. “She knew gambling could lead to trouble, so she set strict rules for herself. No more than one hour at the blackjack table per trip.” (pg 247,
Addiction is defined simply as a strong and harmful need to regularly have something (such as drugs) or do something like gambling (Addiction, 2016). Addiction can be crippling and can control all aspects of your life to the point of not being able to function as a productive member of society. Addicts can have a life long struggle, even once sober, or clean, from the addiction.
“Addiction is a brain disease expressed in the form of compulsive behavior,” says by Alan Leshner in his article, “Addiction Is a Brain Disease” featured in the book Drug Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints. Addiction has a variety of meanings depending on what your viewpoint of addiction. According to dictionary.com, the concrete definition of the word addiction is, “the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming, as narcotics, to such an extent that its cessation causes severe trauma.” Basically various doctors and therapist consider addiction to be a genetic disorder. “Provocative, controversial, unquestionably incomplete, the dopamine hypothesis provides a basic framework for understanding how a genetically encoded trait — such as a tendency to produce too little dopamine — might intersect with environmental influences to create a serious behavioral disorder. Therapists have long known of patients who, in addition to having psychological problems, abuse drugs as well. Could their drug problems be linked to some inborn quirk?” (Nash, and Parker, pg 2 of 8). Along with addiction being possibly a genetic disorder, a minority of scientist believe that the word ‘addiction’ is too broad in its denotation. “If addiction means ‘compulsive, out of control use of a dangerous drug’ is this the same as a person’s being ‘addicted’ to a cell phone? Scientist cannot work or live with this imprecision.” (Erickson, 2 of 253). They believe that the word is misunderstood in denotation. “It is important to correct the common misimpression that drug use, abuse and addiction are points on a single continuum along which one slides back and forth over time, moving from user to addict, th...
Does allowing children to watch violent television and what they see on a daily basis in their lives from peers and adults effect their actions, and thoughts? The answer is simply yes! When it comes down to the facts, children’s behaviors are greatly influenced from what they see going on around them. Children can be taught to be violent or they can be taught to be kind, they can be taught to be confident, or they can be stripped of their self-confidence, they can be taught to be great or they can be taught to fail in life all from observing how adults and peers in their life act.
Main Point: What defines an addiction? According to Psychology Today, “Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance…. or engages in an activity….that can be pleasurable but the continued use/act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work, relationships, or health.” This can range anywhere from drug use to eating disorders, to gambling, to even texting in today’s generation. Shocking to say the least, especially when most people do not even know they are addicted or are an addict until they realize this definition.
Drug addiction is more complicated than medicine thought in previous years. It’s not because someone is weak or unable to control themselves. They are chemical such a dopamine in the human body that makes the process difficult. The brain works in a neuropath way and drug interrupt the normal process which stops the frontal lobe to work as it should. Treatment isn’t done right and patients tend to repeat their habit after they get out of rehab. Psychological treatment is not as effective as chemical injection for dopamine to reward the brain. However, even after the treatment is complete, it will be a life struggle to stay away from drugs since the brain will always look for a simpler way to reward itself.
Observational learning is basically learning by watching others, referred as models. There are three factors that involve modeling: the model or person being observed; the learner or person who observes the model; and reinforcement, which partially determines behaviors that will be repeated (Chance & Krause, 2009). Primary or secondary reinforcements are utilized to either decrease or increase the likelihood of future behavior(s). There are four higher order cognitive activities involved in observational learning. The learner must pay attention in order to observe crucial details that pertain to the model’s actions; the information must be memorized for purposes of being retrieved at a later time; there must be the motivation or desire to reproduce what has been observed; and then successfully reproduce the behavior (Chance & Krause, 2009). Observational learning can help learners with motor skills and hand-eye coordination such as when learning to play tennis or baseball; assist in learning effective social skills when interacting with peers or someone who represents a different culture; o...
Addiction is a very strong word that brings along many negative connotations. When we think of an addiction we imagine someone who depends on a certain substance, most likely alcohol to have their needs met. Addiction is defined by the Webster dictionary as, "a compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance (as heroin, nicotine, or alcohol) characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal." Even though our society sees addiction and only applies the word to drug addicts and alcoholics, there is a much wider range of subjects that fall under the umbrella of what an addiction truly is. An addiction is a dependency on any kind of materialistic object that you use on a day to day basis that brings
Between classical, operant conditioning, and observational learning, there are many differences. The classical learning is tied with stimulus. Operant learning is when behaviors are reinforcement, or punishment. Observational learning is learning by watching things, and the way things are done by others.
Theorist Albert Bandura first recognised observational learning. Observational learning occurs when an individual or groups of people are observed an used as guides most commonly know as models to preform and actions that will assist them in the future (Boundless,2015 ).Albert bandura has distinguished 3 types of which include of external reinforcement this comes from environment e.g. praise, money, stickers, avoiding a speeding fine, vicarious reinforcement by observing modelled behaviour being reinforced by other people and self-reinforcement: when we are reinforced by meeting certain standards of performance we set for ourselves e.g. feeling pride, avoiding feeling guilt(Boundless,2015 ).Example Children participate in cooking classes with older children (over 14) who act as role models (observation learning), give out positive reinforcing to increase the child’s self efficacy of healthy eating. The children learn how to cook
then replicating the behavior that was observed. Observational learning is an important area inthe field of psychology because according to www.ncbi.nlm.nin.gov research in observational learning represents a critical development in the history of psychology. There are many learningtheories such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning which emphasize how direct experiences, reinforcements, and punishment lead to learning, but most learning happens indirectly by watching and imitating others. Observational learning is also referred to as shaping, modeling,