From the very early day of human beings, did transport appear. It is the result of human desire for mobility and exploration. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It serves several functions to economy and human society but as time passed by, along with growth transportation, environment especially landscape and heritage have been badly affected. According to Matthew et.al (2007), “Human activities within a landscape often result in land use conversion, loss of land cover types, and fragmentation of remaining land cover into smaller and more isolated elements” Of course, human activities includes all type of transportation. In this paper, we will discuss about impacts of transport on …show more content…
Directly, transportation changes the landscape itself. Indirectly, transportation becomes secondary cause of changes in its characteristics and also its dimensions such as pattern, tranquility, cultural and land cover. It could be said that all modes of transportation have effects on landscape and heritage sites. First of all, road transportation, the most popular one in the world, has significant effect on landscape. As human society grows faster and faster, societal demands for road transport, for good traffic ability of roads appear. Thus, it raises needs for construction, maintenance of road as well as traffic on road. This creates a bunch of pressure on the landscape around that road, one of which can be mentioned here is loss of landscape visibility: To build a road, trees or other obstacles must be cut down and removed which lead to an elimination of vegetal coverage affecting directly to landscape appearance. Along with appearance of a new road, factories, companies, plants, machinery parks begin to appear more and more on 2 sides of that road. In addition, vehicle with goods, machines travels everyday on that road. These turn natural surroundings into an industrial zone with noise, smoke, and dusts from cars, factories. Apparently, the new road with construction works, vehicles has intruded visual quality of …show more content…
The first step is to scope and identify study area which should be carried out consistent with the landscape impact assessment scoping methodology. The study area of this paper is environment, particularly landscape and heritage sites sector. The second step is to identify the key environmental resources and describing their features mentioned in step 1. Using a hierarchical classification of landscape, key landscape environmental resources should be identified considering coherence of character within each resource and distinctiveness of character among resources. In addition, to accurately assess the character of a key landscape environmental resource, it is necessary to identify and describe the features of the landscape. Those features which should be identified here are Pattern, Tranquility, Cultural, and Land Cover. The third step is to appraise landscape environmental capital by assessing four landscape indicators which are Scale it Matters, Rarity, Importance and Substitutability. In particular, it is all about assessing the geographical scale of effect of matters to both policy makers and local stakeholders; assessing whether the landscape features being evaluated prior to impact appraisal are commonplace to the locality or scarce; assessing the importance of specific feature at high,
The developments in transportation changed the American economy and society from 1820 to 1860 in ways of an increased land value, faster traded goods, new cities, and a deeper sense of nationalism. Before these changes came about, the US economy and society was based on an agrarian setting. After this time frame, American Society turned into a capitalist marketplace. In the northern US, there were few changes in terms of industry because they were involved in an industrial revolution. However, the new Transportation Revolution blasted the West into an agricultural empire that provided consumable exports to the other parts of the country.
“Motor Age Geography” describes land use practices and new transportation policies, which in turn helped reshape roads. These key aspects helped centralized rural America, while urban areas in America were decentralized. Specific landscapes from then to now required that people of America would have to own a motor vehicle to function effectively on a day to day basis. “Fueling the Broom” goes into detail about oil wells, pipelines, service stations, and so forth. This term explains how taxes on gas became a significant source of funding for road building. “The Paths Out of Town” examines mass production and how it increased the demand for the iron ore, wood, rubber, and many other raw materials. As the need for automobiles steadily increased, American construction workers built one mile of road per square mile of land. When Americans built highways, soil erosion came into the picture along with the natural habitat for wildlife. At this time planners focused on creating a “car friendly nature” (Wells). The book informs the reader on the historical period from 1940-1960 where the government granted housing to the suburban area and highways
Maintaining a balance between urban development and natural systems is essential to ensure that, for example, soils are still able to buffer potential contaminants or that ground stability is sustainable for buildings and infrastructure. The land in 1867 was mostly being used for agricultural as farming was key to the primary industry. In 1916 the residential business has increased rapidly as an increase in human activity has resulted in a need for new homes. Then in this present day the industrial industry took a rapid boost as machinery was needed to provide a safe, efficient transport link (hub) for civilians.
Human history has been defined by movement and expansion, as humans slowly moved throughout the globe. Even after humans had populated the entire world, humans continued to travel for many reasons: war, trade, adventure, and religion. It would seem that the human species is filled with inveterate travelers. Throughout history, those nations and civilizations that had the best modes of transportation seemed to have a real competitive advantage. The “northern barbarians” who savaged and conquered much of Europe in its early history, the Greeks, the Romans, and eventually all of Europe in the age of Exploration dominated because they had superior transportation. Horses, boats, and well-built roads are all examples of this general trend. Travel has had a significant impact in human history, and it has also had a significant impact on global ecological history. However, it is not the movement of humans that seems to carry environmental significance. If humans moved throughout the world, empty-handed and naked perhaps the effects of travel would have been minimal. Instead it seems that often the things that humans carried with them caused many more calamities then humans themselves. The plants, animals and technologies, which travelers carry with them often had devastating affects on the environment.
Transportation is one of the basic necessities of human civilization. If there is no transportation on land, sea, or air, there may not be communication between human beings on this planet. But there are also side effects of transportation, which includes pollution. Pollution means the harmful wastes produced by humans which damage our environment in many ways.
Urbanization has to deal with the construction of new modernized construction and the use of technology, in total it means advancing from the local to make modernized place and an industrial site. Also it includes the construction of infrastructural buildings, infrastructural buildings are buildings that are constructed for the betterment of the country for the people it includes hospital, schools, bridges, water supplies and different other buildings. Most of the land were covered by the trees, and they only few people living there, in order to develop a modernized place, or an urbanized place, construction needs to be made. In the determination of making an urbanized place where factories and all could be done, practice such as deforestation is done. Lands that were filled with tees are then cutting in order to satisfy the project of urbanization. The urbanized places are still developing which increases the rate of
Davoudi’s (2012) environmental management typology discusses eight distinct meanings of environment that are incorporated into the planning system of today. The new discourse that is involved with environmental management has meant that the environment is being seen in different ways. And as a result, the meanings attached to the environment have changed substantially over time (Davoudi, 2012). Davoudi (2012) discusses that environmental management is restricted by the limited definitions of the environment, and the onset of climate change and the discourse surrounding it has meant that perceptions of environment have been shaped (Davoudi, 2012). The first definition that is offered is local amenity, which explains that the environment has aesthetic and recreational values associated with it. The next is environment as heritage landscape, which sees the environment as he...
Many constructors tend to want to build higher-class housing from which they can make good profits rather than construct essential housing for working class families. As a result, this becomes problematic in that housing will fall on the governments which already face great financial problem with the overall development of their countries. Nonetheless, many underdeveloped countries strains are imposed by the lower standards of health and hygiene and by the need to provide additional educational facilities for rapidly growing populations. Problems of providing social services such as water, sanitation, and sewage disposal are aggravated by poverty of migrants in the cities such as Lagos, Rio de Janeiro, Vienna, New York, Mumbai or Johannesburg,
The impact of transport infrastructure on the land-use policies can be seen from the formation of the rapidly changing urban landscape, this is related to the land-use rezoning, including residential, commercial, and industrial site for living, work, shopping and leisure activities, the modes of travel that commuters use to access these places of employment, shopping and entertainment is a private vehicle dominated area, with a low utilization of public transportation. Modes of public transportation that are used are mini-bus taxis and to a lesser extent busses. A relatively large number of people access employment, shopping and entertainment opportunities by foot. These pedestrians are potential user of the planned BRT system within the
Land, the “stage” on which all human activities are carried out, is the solid part of the earth on which plants grow and buildings are constructed. It is one of the numerous natural resources found on planet Earth utilized by man in many ways for various uses or purposes. The uses to which land is put differ from place to place and include among others, agriculture, mining, grazing, construction, logging. To some people, the terms ‘Landuse’ and ‘Landcover’ are different yet closely linked characteristics of the Earth’s surface while to others, they mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably.
The term "urban sprawl" seems to have several different meanings depending on the context, but it is very loosely defined as the movement of a human population from high-density communities towards lower-density communities. While this phenomenon is often cited as a manifestation of modern life, and occasionally an exclusively American problem, it actually has been a part of city life around the globe for longer than one would expect. In Robert Bruegmann's book, Sprawl: A Compact History, he notes that the wealthier residents of a city have always had a tendency to migrate towards the low-density outskirts of urban areas. For example, members of the Chinese nobility and upper-class during the Ming Dynasty would speak fondly of the benefits of living away from the cities. The idea of suburban areas goes back even farther, extending as far back as ancient Rome, where rulers and the wealthy lived in highly fashionable "villa suburbanas." This kind of evidence alone strongly suggests that urban sprawl is neither a recent phenomenon nor simply a product of American culture. Despite modern efforts to combat urban sprawl, its historical prevalence suggests that it may be unavoidable and may be a manifestation of the tendencies of human nature. However, the modern iteration of urban sprawl and its subsequent problems appear to be strongly correlated with the use of gasoline-powered personal automobiles. Three of these problems are increased air pollution, increased health problems, and increased incidence of severe injuries and fatalities.
The world we live in today is always changing, whether it be technology or the land. As these changes take place, society must adapt to them. Many things begin to change as a result of this and society beings to turn into something completely different. One of the most overlooked changes that takes place is that of the environment and landscape. The landscape is one of the most important parts of our society’s culture and has a great effect on how we live. It seems that nowadays, many individuals are taking advantage of the land and nothing appreciating it for every thing that it is worth. Its true that not everyone is going to look at the environment and landscape in the same way, however that is no excuse to disrespect it. Then again, a whole new argument can start from that, as different individuals are going to have different views on what disrespecting the land. Many positive things have come from taking advantage of the land, and also, there have been many negative things to come as a result of this. It all depends on how you look at it. One thing is for sure though, no matter what the case is, the land and environment we live in plays a huge part in each of our everyday lives.
Belsoy, J. 2012, ‘Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Protected Areas’, Journal of Environmental and Earth Science, vol. 2, pp. 10.
Transportation is one of the basic necessities of human civilization. If there is no transportation on land, sea, or air, there may not be communication between human beings on this planet. But there are also side effects of transportation, which includes pollution. Pollution means the harmful wastes produced by humans which damage our environment in many ways.
The development of urban transportation has not changed with the cities; cities have changed with transportation. This chapter offers an insight into the Past and the future of Urban transportation and is split up into a number of different sections. It includes a timeline of the different forms of transport innovations, starting from the earliest stages of urban transport, dating back to the omnibus (the first type of urban transportation) and working in a chronological order until eventually reaching the automobile. However, these changes in Urban transport did not happen for no reason. Different factors within society meant urban transport needed to evolve; points will be made on why society needed this evolution. In contrast I will observe the problems urban transport has caused in society as a result of its rapid progression. Taking account of both arguments for the evolution of urban transport, I will look at where it will go in the future.