Human growth hormone has been identified for its effect on the growth processes in the human body. Growth hormone as the name suggests itself is primarily concerned with the ideal height of an individual. Now, how does HGH actually play in the growth process?
HGH is a protein hormone that has a 190 amino acids sequence. It is a major product of the anterior pituitary gland and is produced by cells called somatotrophs. Aside from the HGH, there are other hormones that are involved in the growth process thus making it more complex than other processes. In general, the growth hormone excites tissues like the liver to secrete Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF-1). This product then stimulates the propagation of cartilage cells which results in bone
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The other, dual effectors theory, asserts that the growth hormone plays a straight role at the growth plate where it supports the differentiation of different cells while stimulating the fusion and secretion of IGF-1.
The growth hormone also plays a role in maintaining a healthy bone density to decrease the possibility of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Although the growth hormone is the major player in the growth process of the human body, there are still other body hormones that help in the growth process. These hormones interact with other glands and substances to aid the growth hormone. Examples of these hormones are the thyroid hormones, the sex hormones and the follicle stimulating hormone.
The growth hormone continues to be secreted even as human bones have closed and have stopped growing. The reason why children grow at ages before and during puberty is that the HGH is produced at peak levels during those years of an individual. Growth hormones are also secreted at the onset of sleep so there is a bit of truth when elders say that children should sleep earlier to grow taller. HGH secretion lessens when a person enters his middle ages. Along with the decrease in secretion of HGH come the symptoms of aging as people grow old. Because HGH contributes in bone growth and density, the status of the
However some of the basic bone functions include storing of crucial nutrients, minerals and lipids, producing red blood cells for the body, protect the organs such as heart, ribs and the brain, aide in movement and also to act as a buffer for pH. With the differences in all of the bones there are four things that remain the same in each bone, their cells. Bones are made up of four different cells; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells. Osteoblasts produce and secrete matrix proteins and then transport the minerals into the matrix. Osteoclasts are responsible for the breaking down of tissue. The osteoblasts and osteoclasts are both responsible for remodeling and rebuilding of bones as we grow and age. The production of osteoclasts for resorption is initiated by the hormone, the parathyroid hormone. Osteocytes are the mature versions of osteoblasts because they are trapped in the bone matrix they produced. The osteocytes that are trapped continue making bone to help with strength and the health of the bone matrix. The bone lining cells are found in the inactive bone surfaces which are typically found in
My case study was based on a women name Margie. Margie is a 50 year-old women that frequently exercises and maintains a healthy eating habit. Even though Margie is a fit 50 year-old her cholesterol was well above average 222. Her trainer then recommended her to sign up for extra kickboxing class and maintain a vegetarian low fat diet, therefore her cholesterol would decease. About a month later she tested her cholesterol again and after the extra exercise, low fat diet her cholesterol was higher than the previous time at 230. Therefore, Margie attended the doctor where she was diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
At one time it was thought that after a certain age the brain stops growing but, “scientists have recently shown that adults can grow the parts of their brains that control their abilities, such as the ability to do math or even to juggle” (“You Can Grow”). There is no true plateau as Gawande once believed, new connections coming from the neurons which “allows people to think and solve problems” (“You Can Grow”). can be made even later in life. Good strategy and taking on new challenges that are difficult for the individual is the key (“You Can
CAH is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder and males and females are affected in equal numbers. Chromosome 6 is where the group of genes lie that causes the most common forms of CAH. Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) are released by the anterior lobe in the pituitary gland. Its role is to act on cells of the adrenal cortex which then synthesizes corticosteroids and cortisol. However, those with CAH have insufficient amounts of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase, needed to convert 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) into cortisol.
The balance of the thyroid hormone is complicated and involves the participation of different parts of the body (Kaplustin, 2010).
The thyroid is a crucial part of the endocrine system that is responsible for growth and development in the body. It controls the rate of activities in the body and determines how fast the heart beats and how fast calories are burned. Three
Gonadotrophins are hormones that play a role in targeting certain structures in the Reproduction system. In females, they affect the ovaries and are produced during the menstrual cycle by the pituitary gland stimulation. There are two classes of gonadotrophins; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH targets the follicles in the ovaries, preparing them for growth and development. LH’s primary function is to aide in the maturation of eggs, prior to ovulation. ?
The anti-diuretic hormone, for example, is in charge of increasing kidney’s water absorption into the blood. The corticotropin-releasing hormone sends a message to the adrenal glands to release corticosteroids. Corticosteroids help regulate the metabolism and immune response. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone causes the anterior pituitary to release FSH, follicle stimulating hormone, and LH, luteinizing hormone, the two hormones that work together to guarantee normal functioning in the ovaries and testes. The growth hormone-releasing hormone makes the anterior pituitary release the growth hormone. Another hormone, the growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, stops this release.
Treatment is started at slightly different ages in different countries, but often at an age of about 6-7 years. In order to achieve puberty development and a body height of more than the average of about 146 cm, oestrogen and growth hormone must be given. Oestrogen therapy should start after one has taken the growth hormone for at least two years (about 12-13 years old is average), using small doses at first to promote sexual development. Oestrogen is gradually supplemented by progesterone (a stronger female hormone) as the girl matures. The treatment can be given as tablets, injections, or oestrogen plaster.
- Thyroid hormones (such as thyroxine) play a vital role in our normal growth and development, and in the maturation of our brain, spinal cord, nerves, and bone. Thyroid hormones help
The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system, and it is controlled by the pituitary which is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system. The pituitary controls the thyroid by producing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which stimulates the production of thyroid hormones. . The thyroid gland secretes two main hormones: Thyroxine (T4) and Tri-Iodothyronine (T3). These hormones increase metabolic rate, heat production, oxygen consumption, appetite, growth hormone secretion, alertness and quicker reflexes. The thyroid gland is located in the anterior portion of the neck, beneath the Adam’s apple. It is divided in two lobes on either side of the windpipe: right lobe and left lobe. These lobes create what looks like a butterfly shape. The gland is essential to the contribution of maintaining the homeostasis of the body. It plays a role in monitoring the body’s expenditure of energy and running the body’s metabolism.
Increase in hormones affects internal and external growth. Motor skills in adolescence are that both genders develop more strength and speed in their movements, less clumsiness and more refined. There is a sequence when consecutive spurts happen as it first starts off with the weight spurt, then a height spurt, and finally a muscle spurt. As for motor skills, it is the just the same things learned from the past, and know everything we touched so have in one’s surroundings, as all that’s left to remember is how things function and
The pituitary gland is within the brain. The anterior pituitary gland produces and secretes seven different hormones. These are known as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)and luteinizing hormone (LH)stimulate the female and male sex glands. The prolactin (PRL) mammary gland produces milk. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrets
Swan, S.H., F. Liu, J.W. Overstreet, C. Brazil, and N.E. Skakkebaek. "Growth Hormones Fed to
Hormones are molecules that are produced by endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, gonads, (i.e., testes and ovaries), thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and pancreas. The term “endocrine” implies that in response to specific stimuli, the products of those glands are