Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Concept of Automation :-
Automation is a step beyond mechanization, Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in production of goods and services. Where mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily life. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. Through this project we have tried to show automatic control of a house as a result of which power is saved to some extent. The Global System for Mobile Communications
…show more content…
Briefly, the areas include: the complexity and expense of the architectures adopted by existing systems, the intrusiveness of the system installations, the lack of interoperability between different home automation technologies, and the lack of interoperability between systems developed by different manufacturers that utilize the same technology. Interface inflexibility and the inconsistent approaches adopted towards security and safety are also …show more content…
C. Lee "Network-based fire-detection system via controller area network for smart home automation", IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol. 50, no. 4, pp.1093 -1100 November 2004
[2] Z. Alkar "An internet based wireless home automation system for multifunctional devices", IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol. 51, no. 4, pp.1169 -1174 2005
[3] Y. Tajika , T. Saito, K. Termoto , N. Oosaka and M. Isshiki "Networked home appliance system using GSM technology integrating appliance control/monitoring with internet service", IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol. 49, no. 4, pp.1043 -1048 2003
[4] J. A. Gutierrez ,M. Naeve , E. Callaway , M. Bourgeois ,V. Mitter and B. Heile "IEEE 802.15.4:adeveloping standard for low-power low-cost wireless personal area networks", IEEE Network, vol. 15, no. 5, pp.12 -19 2001
[5] Y. P. Tsou , J. W. Hsieh , C. T. Lin and C. Y. Chen "Buliding a remote supervisory control network system for smart home applications", IEEE International Conf. on System, Man and Cybernetics, pp.1826 -1830 2006
[6] L. Ophir "802.11 Over Coax - A Hybrid Coax - Wireless Home Network Using 802.11Technology", Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, pp.13 -18
Segmenting the wireless network from the wired network though, is not only a trust issue, wireless networks suffer from many attacks such as Denial of Service caused by interference. The access point that will provide wireless access will be connected to a wired switch, however the separation of the wireless network is proposed to be done with the use of virtual LANs. VLANs will separate the network to two logical networks operating on the same physical network. This separation will enchant network’s security as the main network will be inaccessible from customers as well as it will not be affected if the wireless network is facing issues. The AP must be using Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) security protocol that has advanced encryption standards comparing to
Therefore, fire security and safety is vital to the physical environment of an automated server room. When implementing a fire control system in a server room, there are several key measures that must be considered.
Greater shift towards smart grids, smart metering and building automation: Smart grids helps in intelligent distribution resulting in minimal losses whereas measurement and reporting of consumption in real time is achieved by smart meters.
Briefly, the areas include: the complexity and expense of the architectures adopted by existing systems, the intrusiveness of the system installations, the lack of interoperability between different home automation technologies, and the lack of interoperability between systems developed by different manufacturers that utilize the same technology. Interface inflexibility and the inconsistent approaches adopted towards security and safety are also
Investigate mobile & cloud based solution for Tele Health, and investigate a security mechanism, which includes, data security, data ownership, and level of access.
The Unistep IRP Elexol EtherIO 24 Module is a network board that enables multiple devices to connect to an Ethernet network, communicate with each other, and relay information when changes occur. The IRP module is a micro-controller, integrated with many features for interacting with devices connected on a generic local area network; this module was designed to be used in conjunction with other network devices or modules. Some of the applications for the device include industrial automation, digital input and output functions, system monitoring, remote data accessing, controlled machinery, and remote power control.
... in Wireless Sensor Networks: Current proposal and Future Development, IEEE Xplore, Hong Kong, Oct- 2007.
For the prevantion of the electricity blackout we need to build smart power grid. A modernized electrical grid that uses analog or digital information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviours of suppliers and consumers is known as a smart grid. This is used to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity in an automated fashion[12]. The important aspects of smart grid is to electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of
technologies such as Bluetooth and ZigBee which are used to carry the information from perception devices to a nearby gateway based on the capabilities of the communicating parties. Internet technologies such as WiFi, 2G, 3G, and 4G carry the information over long distances based on the application. Since applications aim to create smart homes, smart cities, power system monitoring etc.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects accessed through the Internet. The Network of interconnected objects harvests information from the environment (sensing) and interacts with the physical world (actuation/command/control), uses existing Internet standards to provide services for information transfer, analytics, applications and communications (Jiong et al. 2012).
Wireless communication has encouraged the practice of optimizing performance in wireless networks to achieve higher data rates and network coverage for the end user. Such strategies and methods will be examined to verify their validity and to introduce future solutions to the limitations of wireless communication systems. Wireless communication performance is affected by channel fading, path loss, and interference. There are several techniques that can be used to avoid signal degradation. At short distances, a transmitter and receiver pair is capable of achieving a quality connection. However, relay networks have become a popular strategy for transmitters and receivers that have been separated by large distances or large obstructions in the path. Relays are used to retransmit the signal with or without encoding it again. Cooperative communication extends coverage and reduces transmission power by utilizing spatial diversity. Distributed Coding is a cooperative technique that allows multiple antennas to work together to transmit information. The specifications for these different networks can be a difficult task. There are several relay configurations and trade-offs. The present design process for relay networks is constrained to the drawbacks of the wireless channel. Strategies using MIMO (multiple input-multiple output) overcome many of the inherent problems with wireless transmission and have become widely popular. Research will expound on the advantages of relay systems, MIMO, and other selected strategies that optimize performance in a wireless network.
With the wireless transmission standard 802.11 originating from IEEE, which is often just called Wi-Fi access to the internet has simplified drastically. The key points to its success are the continuous improvement and adaptions to changing demands but also the ease of use accomplished by the interoperability of different devices and also the backward compatibility of each new extension.
Since its inception, the telephone has become one of the most important inventions of all time. Although some were skeptical about its replacement over telegrams, in the end the advent of this fine communication equipment has won the hearts of many. As a matter of fact, the telephone system had come to numerous facelifts that it literally connected the world before the internet was born. Because of its importance, homes and businesses can not live without it. In the U.S. alone, most if not all have a phone in the house.
Automation started out as an assembly line of workers doing the same repetitive task all day long. Some of the jobs were very boring, dirty, unpleasant, and possibly dangerous. After the introduction of the first robot in 1961, automation began to advance in ways people could only imagine.
Many industrial plants require a central computing facility to collect data from various sensors and then to act accordingly. For example, in a chemical engineering plant, as the pressure in one vat increases the computer registers this, and opens a release valve slightly while also adjusting the boiler temperature.