1.1.2 Hazardous waste
Industrial and hospital waste is considered hazardous as they may contain toxic substances.
In terms of hazardous waste, something is considered toxic if it is harmful to human health when a person is exposed to the substance through inhalation, ingestion or touch.
The largest amount of hazardous waste is created in industry, in particular the petroleum and chemical industries, which produce around 70% of all hazardous waste in the United States. The most common examples of hazardous waste from industries in general include solvents used in cleaning, wastewater from petroleum refiners and ash produced from incinerators or coal-burning power plants.
Hospital waste contaminated by chemicals used in hospitals is considered hazardous. These chemicals include formaldehyde and phenols, which are used as disinfectants, and mercury, which is used in thermometers or equipment that measure blood pressure. Most hospitals in India do not have proper disposal facilities for these hazardous wastes.
1.1.3 Bio Medical Waste
Biomedical waste means any waste,
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However, majority of ULBs do not have appropriate action plans for execution and enactment of the MSWR (CPCB Report, 2013). Unfortunately, no city in India can claim 100% segregation of waste at dwelling unit and on an average only 70% waste collection is observed, while the remaining 30% is again mixed up and lost in the urban environment. Out of total waste collected, only 12.45% waste is scientifically processed and rest is disposed in open dumps (CPCB Report, 2013). Existing and future land requirement for disposal of MSW along with growth in population and MSW generation is shown in Figure 3. Environment friendliness, cost effectiveness, and acceptability to the local community are major attributes to achieve efficient solid waste management system. Critical examination of important parameters of MSWM practice with respect to Indian Scenario is delineated
Junkyards use compact machines that will smash a vehicle into a flat piece of metal or into a cube, then they are placed into an auto shredder. The material or residue from the shredder has various toxins in it like copper, rubber, plastic, chrome, mercury to name just a few. This material is then used to cover landfills, but recently it has been used in kilns as feedstock (renewable, biological material) used for fuel, which can potentially put these toxins into the air.
Some hazardous substances as well as materials that could be found in a social care organisation may include any cleaning materials, e.g. disinfectant that can easily cause burns or poisoning, clinical and bodily waste, medicines or drugs. injury to the skin as most useful disinfectant is an irritant, all found in the COSHH cupboard for use of the cleaners. The clinical e.g. used injections and bodily waste e.g. period pads must be in the clinical waste bins. It’s also important that the clinical waste bins are cleaned twice a day. All the medicines can be found locked in the medication cupboard, The key must be kept safe and locked away l in a different room
The Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 No.894. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENGLAND AND WALES http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2005/894/contents/made
Landfill is the most frequent waste disposal method all around the world. The present of landfill is recognised as being an important in this days as well as future, especially in low and middle income countries since it is the easiest way to build. Generally, there is two types of landfill can be classified, dry-tomb and bioreactor.
Research conducted by Lillianna Guerrero et al. at the Built Department at Eindhoven University of Technology in Den Dolech showing the challenges of waste management challenges for cities in developing countries that waste management comes at a high cost that most countries don’t have the money to set aside for in the annual budget (1). They found that even when the money is set aside, failure to follow guidelines hurts the budget even more. This is important because they must figure out how to make sure guidelines are followed so they can make planned budget costs. Budgeting for a smaller country with no money can be tough especially when there is another factor in their country that needs as much resources as it can get, such as food and water supply for their countries people. Worsening the problem can be avoided if they inform their people on how to properly dispose of their waste and recycle item that could be used in place of another object that will potentially end up as harmful waste. According to Guerrero’s research the outcomes are a comprehensive list of stakeholders that are relevant in the waste management systems and a set of factors that reveal the most important causes for the systems’ failure. For example, failure to educated the public causes incorrect disposal techniques to
Such as general domestic garbage, food waste, ash and packaging materials, human manure, emergency waste like plastic and paper, remains from disaster, mud and dirt that came from natural disaster, and many more.
Benzene, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride were all found in these landfills. Landfills are designed to have boundaries as to where these gases are released but on most occasions and according to tests made some of these toxins were found in surrounding areas. Methane was the most common one found and it can also be the most dangerous, it is thinner than air and highly flammable (Garbology, Chapter 1 pg. 6). If trapped in a closed building, any spark can cause the building to explode. This is a worldwide issue that must be dealt with
In today's world there exists a long list of environmental problems caused by the human race. One of the smaller and lesser known is that of textile waste. “Nearly 21 billion pounds of textiles are thrown out each year” (What Do Stores Do with Unsold Merchandise?). Included in this waste are sporting goods textiles. Not only is old equipment thrown out new equipment is also thrown out. Some places would love any equipment old or new because they don't have it. Because there is such a large quantity of textile waste generated due to unsold or unused products, more organizations need to be established in order to collect and transport these textiles to less fortunate people in developing countries where the need for these items is greater.
Each waste stream shall be treated as a potential health hazard. Excessive exposure to these waste streams must be reduced to the lowest possible level by using appropriate
Environmental hazards arise as well from hazardous materials and waste. Hazardous materials concerns could arise from spills of gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, or solvents from containers or vehicles. Spills could contaminate soils or leach into ground or surface water. And environmental hazards could adversely affect humans, wild life, vegetation and water supply.
Background: Waste water treatment plants are essential to communities of all sizes and must work efficiently. Waste water treatment plant primary priority and responsibility is the treatment of incoming sewage water by the removal of biological and chemical wastes so it can be treated and recycled for future use. There are many government agencies and standards set forth to govern and observe the successful treatment of sewage, such as the Department of Environmental Quality, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and the Clean Water Act of 1972. Compliance and constant monitoring of the treatment plant’s operations are important as they protect the surrounding community. A spill or backflow of sewage due to a complete system malfunction could potentially be detrimental to the environment and local community.
Hazardous materials are in almost every community placing everyone at some level of contact with various chemicals almost daily as they exist throughout the community and in our households. Chemicals are used for a variety of purposes such as in the water purification process, by farmers to produce a higher crop yield and are used in households and almost every business. Not all chemicals are hazardous but most pose some level of risk to people...
The radioactive wastes are by-products of the radioactive materials of their processing or usage that often decays naturally after period of time .whoever, they contain unstable components (radioisotopes) that emit an ionizing radiation which haveenormous harmful aspects to the environment.Radioactive wastes comprise less than 1% of total toxic wastes in countries with nuclear power, so all toxic wastes need to be dealt safely.beta partials and gamma ray emitters are the most common radioactive medical wastes .but, in industry as a waste source it usually contain alpha ,beta, neutron or gamma emitters.
America and Europe are at the top of the list for most waste generated according to Waste (4). This is very visible because there’s litter on every street in the towns and cities, as well in lakes, beaches, and rivers. The book Waste by Rob Bowden states that the amount of waste produced is increasing at a rate faster than population growth. About 1.5 million computers, in the U.K, are thrown away each year and most end up in landfills. There are 3 types of waste which are Municipal Solid Waste, Industrial Waste, and Hazardous waste. MSW includes waste from public garbage cans and local dumpsters. Industrial Waste includes massive amounts of waste water that is contaminated with chemicals. Hazardous waste is the most dangerous as it presents a danger to human health and the environment. Solutions for waste disposal take time because people need to consider their lifestyle and limit the amount of waste they generate. A good start is to recycle items such as paper, cans, plastic, and clothes. This way they don’t end up in landfills, beaches, or streets. Another solution is to join organizations that go around places to recycle, or organizations that demand the reduction in the amount of products that are being
Efficient waste managing approaches help with reducing and avoiding unpleasant impact on the environment and human health, while allowing financial development and progress in the quality of people’s life. People do not even imagine what is the size and capacity of their activities and the impact they produce on the environment. Garbage is an important ecological problem. It is seems amazing that approximately all of the citizens of the world identify rubbish as a major environmental problem and yet these people still litter. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2008), an American produces 250 million tons of garbage per year (para.2). There are different circumstances that are based on the society, environmental conditions, occupation and size of each of the different family. As Richmond (2010) stated, if no administration organizations has the responsibility or resources to concentrate their efforts on the waste disposal, then the responsibility to do that is on ...