Dust generation and suppression issues in gravel roads
Introduction: While travelling on gravel roads dust can be seen. Dust on gravel roads may be generated due to various reasons like movement of heavy loads or by heavy wind. This dust is emitted by exhaust of vehicle, wind or by the movement of vehicle. It has been seen that wind erosion does not happen unless speed of wind is greater than 25-35 kmph at 2m height (Karin Edvardsson, April 2010), this dust is mainly generated by vehicle movement. Rolling wheels of moving vehicle exert forces on the road materials so materials are crushed and dust is generated. Due to dust safety, life of road is disturbed because this reduces visibility and also dust has many health hazardous like eye irritation,
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R. Blackwood, May 1979:
Q=Qa+Qb
Vortex force and wind emission: When vehicle moves then pressure is reduced just behind the vehicle so dust is sucked by vehicle in the movement direction this emission in called vortex force emission, wind effect is also considered An expression is given by (T. R. Blackwood, May 1979).-
Qa =(0.336V^3 〖ρ^2 A〗^0.35)/(PE^2 )
Where Qa = vortex emission
V= speed of wind (m/s) ρ = bulk density
A= surface area
PE = precipitation evaporation index Emissions by slippage tires and road: Movement of vehicles will generate some dust, this dust remains in suspension for a long distance when particle size is less than 15 µm and particles of size more than 100 µm fall down just after passing the vehicle and particles of size between 15 to 100 µm remains in suspension for a short distance.
Qb=k1 ρLWZ/T
Where k1= emission
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these effects are described below: Safety effect of dust generated by gravel: Safety on gravel roads is reduced because of less visibility due to dust, more stopping distance and less response of steering. Effect of dust on health: Dust has bad impact on eyes, it damages lung, it effects to existing asthma patient, and also it creates some heart problems. (Guay Gerry ET. Al.). Also particles of dust of size less than 2 microns are trapped in lungs, because of respiratory system can’t filter all soil particles. ( Mohamad Succarieh May 1992) Effect of dust on aquatic lives and sources: As this dust is not good for us this may not be good for aquatic life also. Also this dust fills the aquatic sources and reduces and its length. Effect of dust on vegetation: In the hot weather dust accumulated on leaves of plants and trees will increase absorption of heat by these plants and trees, and will reduce transpiration. So there will be reduction in chlorophyll content, water content and in absorption of CO2. And there will be increase in PH, minerals etc. ( Mohamad Succarieh, May 1992) Effect on aesthetics: Road dust gives an immediate impact of
“Short track racing is always been a way of life and not just a hobby” Bryan Clauson. There's always been people into dirt racing as it is personally my favorite form of racing. This sport isn't all to safe as there has been a massive tragedy in 2016 of Bryan Clauson as he died at the Belleville Midget Nationals. This tragedy sent a shockwave through all sports from dirt to asphalt racing. There is a commitment when you strap into that racecar and that is there's no guarantee that your going to get out so there's always been losses and historical moments in dirt racing. There isn't always tragedies there's famous moments like the 2016 Dream at eldora when a 19 year old kid Bobby Pierce Jr. won the world's most famous dirt race. 2017 will bring new stars like Rico Abreu which has already committed to dirt from nascar and has already won 2 golden drillers from the world's most prestigious midget race, chili bowl nationals in Tulsa Oklahoma .
...d, crunchy and gritty with a thin layer of dust with every serving; from consuming such gravely meals, people often developed fragmented teeth. Driving and operating outdoor machinery became a huge hazard since the dust decreased visibility significantly. Because the dust carried so much static electricity, anything metallic – such as mills, pump handles, cooking pans, and doorknobs – would give the person in contact a harsh electric shock. Those outdoors would have to wear gas masks in order to prevent illnesses such as dust pneumonia and to prevent inhalation of dust. Dust contains a high amount of silica, but when inhaled for increasingly long periods of time, the silica began to coat the inside of the human body, unambiguously pursuing to coat the entire respiratory system. (Carson and Bonk 1). For most, the dust bowl was the most miserable time of their life.
Henry Glass, a kid fresh out of a penitentiary in Indiana who takes a bus to Denver with Sal Paradise, tells him about his brush with the Bible in jail, and then explains the dangers of the phenomenon of signification (I firmly believe that Kerouac intended no deconstructionist subtext in the passage; nor is it likely to be an neo-Marxist attempt to explicate the class conflict between the signifiers and the signified):
According to the Worldwatch Institute the rapid industrialization has polluted many lakes and streams resulting in chemical pollution and increased algae blooms leaving the water undrinkable. These combined issues are then causing knock on effects to the aquatic life by staving them of oxygen. Many areas are also suffering with an increase in dust storms; these have been a cause of over agricultural use. These increased storms would not cause many problems but now they can ...
Only the smallest particles of the coal dust make it past the nose, mouth, and throat into the alveoli found deep in the lungs. The alveoli, or air sacs, are responsible for exchanging gases with the blood, and are located at the end of each bronchiole. Microphages, a type of blood cell, gather foreign particles and carry them to where they can either be swallowed or coughed out. If too much dust is inhaled over a long period of time, some dust-laden microphages and particles collect permanently in the lungs causing black lung disease.
On October 22 at 7:30pm in Williams Hall, I watched a film by Marta Cunningham called “Valenetine Road”. The film was about a murder that occurred on February 12, 2008 in Oxnard, California, were either-grader Brandon Mclnerney shot an openly gay classmate Larry King. Although what seemed like an open and shut case, the trial took over three years before the judge and jury was able to deliberate a decision. Coupled with the abnormality of a juvenile murderer and extenuating trail time, the case garnered countless media appearances that choose to depict the case one sided. However, through the film, the background information proved to be vital because the film choose to present both sides of the story persuasively and effectively. This allows
Bruce Beresford’s film, Paradise Road, is based on the true historical events that followed the attack of the Vyner Brooke, where the hardships of the circumstances tested the characters in ways that both support and challenge the statement of ‘who we are is truly tested and proven when we encounter conflict’. Conflict is defined as “a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one”, and can be perceived in many ways. How someone perceives conflict is beyond their control, as it may be entirely influenced by others and their actions, their perception
... in inhabitants living close to smelters and arsenical chemical factories. Citizens who live near waste sites with arsenic may have an increased risk of lung cancer as well.
When someone works in an environment where they are exposed to chemicals, dust, fumes and molds, they are more likely to develop asthma. Along with asthma, constant exposure to chemicals and vapors can cause serious lung problems that can develop into more serious lung problems.
Romm, Joe. Dust-Bowlification Threatens Public Health With More Asthma Attacks, Toxic Chemicals And Disease, 29 Aug. 2012, thinkprogress.org/dust-bowlification-threatens-public-health-with-more-asthma-attacks-toxic-chemicals-and-disease-8785556d396f/. Accessed 27 May 2018.
Life on the Road It’s fair to say that life on the road is something most people do not desire, as a way to live out their days; but a young man named Chris McCandless believed it was necessary to avoid the venomous grips of society. McCandless goes as far as to venture out to the rest of the United States and even crossing borders to achieve his true destination, Alaska. He shows us living such a life can hold many unique and wonderful experiences.
Chronic bronchitis is a disorder that causes inflammation to the airway, mainly the bronchial tubules. It produces a chronic cough that lasts three consecutive months for more than two successive years (Vijayan,2013). Chronic Bronchitis is a member of the COPD family and is prominently seen in cigarette smokers. Other factors such as air pollutants, Asbestos, and working in coal mines contributes to inflammation. Once the irritant comes in contact with the mucosa of the bronchi it alters the composition causing hyperplasia of the glands and producing excessive sputum (Viayan,2013). Goblet cells also enlarge to contribute to the excessive secretion of sputum. This effects the cilia that carry out the mechanism of trapping foreign bodies to allow it to be expelled in the sputum, which are now damaged by the irritant making it impossible for the person to clear their airway. Since the mechanism of airway clearance is ineffective, the secretion builds up a thickened wall of the bronchioles causing constriction and increasing the work of breathing. The excessive build up of mucous could set up pneumonia. The alveoli are also damaged enabling the macrophages to eliminate bacteria putting the patient at risk for acquiring an infection.
Even materials containing small amounts of crystalline silica may be hazardous if they are used in ways that produce high dust concentrations.
One of the two common diseases that fall into the group called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Other type of condition is known as Bronchitis. Another means by which Emphysema is a type of lung disease and it develop in smokers and people who work in polluted areas. Globally, it is estimated that about 3 million deaths were caused by the disease in 2015 (World Health Organization). This condition is mainly caused in smokers and people who work or settled in highly polluted areas by chemicals, fumes emitted from factories and so on. Therefore these can damage the small air sacs called alveoli in lungs and get weaken, have very thin walls and delicate. The alveoli wall reduces the surface area, elasticity and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide carried by blood stream.
Safety in every aspect of my life is very important. From the moment we step out of our homes we take safety measures such as locking all doors to keep thieves out and or ensuring the stove and any electronics are off to avoid any fire. In this essay I will discuss different safety topics that we encounter on daily basis.