Gender and racial stratification have always prevailed in the United States society. As time matriculates, men continuously tend to possess more financial income than women in almost every occupational realm, and racial origin plays a vital role as well. This paper utilizes the most current United States Census Bureau’s database to examine and analyze the current and growing trends in gender and racial stratification and its impact on society’s sociological aspect. Through the detailed numerical information provided by the United States Census Bureau, a sociological perspective in regards to society’s bias trends and outlook dealing with financial wages will and can be determined. Gender and Racial Stratification in the U.S.
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Throughout history, people of European or White decent have reign as the dominant race over many. From African Americans to Latinos/Hispanics, Whites surpass these minorities in the financial and economic world. The United States Census supports these claims. The census’s 2014 to 2015 statistics reported that Whites earned a median income of $60,325 while Hispanics trailed in second with $42,520 (Proctor, Semega, & Kollar, 2016). Lastly, African Americans received $35,439 (Proctor, Semega, & Kollar, 2016). Since slavery African Americans have always had to fight and overcome diverse barriers to achieve the social and economic statuses they presently possess. The idea that White supremacy is a global norm that must not be broken is a stigma that African Americans and other minorities must conquer and face daily.
Conclusion
Overall, minorities, especially females, carry many diverse social and economic struggles and barriers. Society remains constant in its male dominant and racial biases. These gender and racial stratifications are social norms and values that cripple society’s growth and must be broken. If the stigmas that limit female and racial equality do not halt, then women and monitories will forever reign beneath men and Whites and American will never truly be a land of the free and
To find the accumulated wealth disparity between whites and blacks Oliver and Shapiro first had to start with an analytical distinction between wealth and income. After all, simply glancing at Forbes Magazine’s list of top income earners for 2011 appears to indicate that the once prominent socioeconomic disparity among whites and blacks has vanished. Over the past decade, famous black individuals such as Oprah Winfrey, Michael Jackson, Michael Jordan, and Magic Johnson have all topped the charts as the highest income earners in America. At some points in recent history, blacks have even accounted for half of the top ten highest earners, an outstanding feat considering blacks account for only about 13% of the USA population. This picture painted by the list of highest income earners however, only tells half the story. Contrary to Forbes’ highest income list is Forbes’ profile of the 400 wealthiest Americans. This list contains few if any African Americans. Therefore, to explain this disparity a clear distinction had to be made between what is wealth and what is income.
The critical rank for reducing gender inequalities should be education, labor force participation, and lastly, wages. There are obvious differences between men and women whether it’s anatomically, financially, and so forth. The gender inequalities women face compared to men is alarming and saddening. Gender stereotypes reinforce gender inequalities because stereotypes can often be internalized which results in biases against either sex. These biases against a person can result in negative results. Gender inequality has been within our society for a long time especially amongst women.
1. What is the difference between a. and a. Inequality became instrumental in privileging white society early in the creation of American society. The white society disadvantaged American Indians by taking their land and established a system of rights fixed in the principle that equality in society depended on the inequality of the Indians. This means that for white society to become privileged, they must deprive the American Indians of what was theirs to begin with. Different institutions such as the social institution, political, economical, and education have all been affected by race.
African American women are considered the most disadvantaged group vulnerable to discrimination and harassment. Researchers have concluded that their racial and gender classification may explain their vulnerable position within society, despite the strides these women have made in education, employment, and progressing their families and communities (Chavous et al. 2004; Childs 2005; Hunter 1998; Settles 2006; Wilkins 2012). Most people agree that race and gender categories are explained as the biological differences between individuals in our society; however sociologists understand that race and gender categories are social constructions that are maintained on micro and macro levels. Historically, those in power who control the means of production within a society have imposed race, class, and gender meanings onto the minority population in order to maintain their dominant position and justify the unequal treatment of minority individuals by the divisions of race, class, and gender categories (Collins 2004; Nguyen & Anthony 2014; Settles 2006;).
In this essay we will discuss the theories of racial inequality. Racial inequality occurs when people have more access to different resources based specifically on the race. A race is a group of people who share the same physical characteristics. I will be providing a summary of the article. I will also provide an evaluation of the arguments that he puts forth. Then I will provide my reaction to what he said and finally I will present an alternate argument.
In the United States, women have historically been treated differently and unequally than men. Women have been discriminated against in education, labor, and rights to vote. In 1877, women began fighting for their rights to vote after the National Woman’s Suffrage was created. More specifically, “at the start of the twentieth century, pervasive, overt racial discrimination barred blacks from most jobs, denied them equal education, and disenfranchised them politically” (Katz, 2005).
Today there are huge enhancements in the diagnosis and treatment of most chronic diseases, there are many studies shown that ethnic and racial minorities obtain lower health care than nonminorities.
For the past century, the United States of America has made countless advancements in technology, medicine, and many other fronts. As a society, it has advanced at an incredible rate, becoming a major world power in an incredibly short period of time. The biggest barriers that America is working on are currently taking place within its own borders; civil rights and the battle for equality have men and women of every race up and arms. Specifically, the fight against sexism is the most modern struggle in America. Discrimination against women is harmful to both men and women; it holds women back into a useless position and forces men to take the brunt of the work. Men are expected to work, but women are almost expected not to, and instead "be nothing more than dangling, decorative ornaments--non-thinking and virtually non-functional” (Chisholm 4). There is progress to be made in the American society in its attitude and treatment of women. Gender inequality continues to be a social problem in the business, family, and personal lives of women.
...er days perpetuates into the present society. It is important to note that African and White Americans didn’t start from the “same structural position” in terms of wealth. Though blatant racism towards blacks has been minimized, this racism or discrimination sort of changed to favoritism of Whites’ to Whites’; due to this Black Americans continue to stagger behind White in terms of economic success. Dr. Nancy DiTomaso carried out interviews with Whites from different social and political classes, which concluded that inequality in society is prolonged because of White favoritism rather than discrimination. Favoritism in employment among White Americans is an essential factor in maintaining their advantage and access to better paying and more secure jobs in the workforce. Despite racial classes, this favoritism sustains the superiority of Whites’ economic network.
Hunched low, they are vulnerable and insecure. They are grandmothers, aunts, mothers, wives, lovers, friends, sisters and children. Although they span a wide range of years and roles, a common thread is woven through all of their lives, a thread which confronts them day in and day out. This thread is the challenge they face as minority women in America to find liberation and freedom from
In all societies around the world, women are treated as if they are a minority group, just like any racial or ethnic group that is out of the norm. The justification for considering women as a minority group and the existence of sexism becomes clear through the examination of social indicators, including education, employment, and income.
Gender stratification can be described as unequal power, wealth, and privileges between men and women. This stratification is more generally aimed at women who are oppressed in the work place, economic class status, and many other aspects of life because of their gender. We can blame this on the patriarchal culture that we prescribe too, where males hold primary power and privileges in our society. Two of the most common aspects of gender stratification that we see in the United States includes the wage gap between men and women and the violence that women face. There are many more aspects to gender stratification, however, these two topics seem to be a gender stratification problem all over the world.
Within today’s society, the issue of equal rights and equal treatment of others is a heavily focused on topic. However, with time and effort by civil rights, the rift among gender and race have diminished compared to decades ago. This change in belief, from white male supremacy to diverse equality, was a turning point for the world. Decades ago women’s rights did not exist, they were not allowed to vote and were to become housewives while the husband worked to support the family. Within the last few decades, civil rights groups contributed their efforts to reduce both gender and racial stereotypes of both men and women.
More specifically, women of color and how they overcame white supremacy. While women of color are in search of recognition and liberation due to feminist standards, they must overcome gender parity within their own gender. This research will demonstrate how women of color have to seek for equal opportunities within their own gender and opposite gender. Generally, the women class is treated as minorities in modern society, but white women are above women of color, although the class is by oppressed by white men. With gender parity, already being an issue throughout the existence of mankind, racial parity within that gender is even worst.
The PowerPoint presentation for Unit 3 discussed sex and gender, gender stereotypes and explored terms like transgender and transsexuals. Some generations ago, it was commonplace for men to be the head of the household and the sole breadwinners. Women were expected to cook, clean, look after the children and have a hot, homemade supper ready for their husbands when they came home from work. In today’s society, these standards are not so stringently adhered to. Women can be just as competitive as men in many facets of life and many men are content to be “Mr. Mom”. I also chose to discuss the article “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack”. Peggy McIntosh, the author of the article states that white privilege is alive and well in today’s society despite the fact that people in the United States do not think they are racist because they were “taught to recognize racism only as an individual acts of meanness of members of my group, never in invisible systems conferring unsought racial dominance on my group from birth”. We