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Impacts of plastic in the ocean
Garbage in the ocean
Impacts of plastic in the ocean
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Shelby Turner Pd. 8
Marine issue: Ocean garbage problem- Malaysia Airlines
More than three weeks after the Malaysia Airlines jet disappeared, one thing has been made clear: the ocean is literally full of garbage. Conservation scientists are concerned because it’s described as “trying to find a needle in a needle factory” while they were looking for the plane. With the world's eyes now looking all over the Asian waters for any trace of the plane that was more than 240 feet long and weighed more than 700,000 pounds, the magnitude of the ocean debris problem has become evident.
The debris of the plane was suspected to be in the southern Indian Ocean, but was found closer to the Australian coast. Since the debris was found closer to the coast some of the debris will later end up washed upon shore of Australia and other possible countries/continents. This can cause several issues, one reason being that planes are widely made of aluminum. Aluminum can be very harmful to marine organisms because its ions can react with phosphates, which the reaction will cause it to be less available to marine organisms. Other issues include organisms getting entangled in the garbage, choking on any potential pieces of garbage and scrap metals. Marine organisms are in danger and are threatened by the debris in the ocean.
Along with being a danger to the shore of Australia, the debris is a danger to the corals surrounding Western Australia. Located along the west of Australia is their only Fringing reef. This coral is located in Coral Bay and is named Ningaloo Reef; many different species go around this area such as turtles and whale sharks. Turtles use the coast that this coral starts along for nesting. If none of the shrapnel is collected then pieces...
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Aluminum Recycling Prices. (n.d.). . Retrieved , from http://www.benefits-of-recycling.com/aluminumrecyclingprices/
Irwin, R. (n.d.). ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS ENCYCLOPEDIA. . Retrieved, from http://www.nature.nps.gov/hazardssafety/toxic/diesel.pdf (Pg. 10)
Williams, B., & Williams, D. (n.d.). Coral Bay - Western Australia. . Retrieved, from http://www.coralbay.org/
Ningaloo Turtle Program. (n.d.). . Retrieved , from http://www.ningalooturtles.org.au/
Dangerous Debris. (n.d.). . Retrieved , from http://see-the-sea.org/topics/pollution/debris/dangerous_debris.htm
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. (n.d.). . Retrieved , from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370
Adams, C., Lindberg, B., & Stevely, J. (n.d.). The Economic Benefits Associated with Florida's Artificial Reefs. . Retrieved , from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe649
Earth, an endless source of wonder and beauty, produced the Great Barrier Reef. Hustling and bustling, the Reef thrives like a busy city, teeming with life. Sheltering thousands, corals, maintain the well-being of the Reef; however, the world threatens its nature and delicacy. Populations growing and technological advances increasing, the world becomes more and more disconnected with the natural world, posing an alarming risk for the planet we live on. Although many organizations try to keep the oceans clean, because of human interference and unnatural occurrences, the Great Barrier Reef needs scientific help to adapt corals to new conditions for means of survival, putting pressure on the Australian government to save their ocean environment.
This problem may seem prevalent and it is very important to know about. It affects marine life in many ways, but humans are also greatly affected.by this problem. People don’t realize what this problem does to them. However the human race can always work and solve this issue. People shouldn’t dump trash in the ocean or any water source. Trash can destroy coral reefs and other important ecosystems and ruin marine life. Most important sewage plants shouldn’t dump raw sewage into the ocean because it provides nutrients to harmful algae. Governments around the world should put more restrictions on sewage and the disposal of it. But if the solution wants to be solved people must work together.
Leading scientists advise climate change will cause increases to the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Rising sea levels pose a significant risk to coastal communities, while the world’s oceans could become too acidic to support coral reefs and other calcifying marine organisms. Coral reefs contain only six per cent of the area of the Great Barrier Reef, yet they provide critical habitat and food for numerous species in the ecosystem. However, climate change has already impacted coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef as corals are very helpless against its potential impacts. Eight mass coral bleaching events has occurred since 1979, triggered by unusually high water temperatures. And because of this, zooxanthellae (photosynthetic algae) leave their tissues and corals will have no more colours hence ‘bleaching’. Without the zooxanthellae, the corals that remain gradually starve to death. Once the coral dies, fish and a multitude of other marine species are soon affected. Rising sea levels and more frequent and intense storm surges will see more erosion of Australia’s coastline, causing community and residential
There is camera proof of pictures of clouds and proof from the U.S. Coastguard of reasons for accidents in the area. The area is a dangerous part of the ocean for those reasons, but there is nothing mysterious about it. Also, there is no proof of the remains of people, planes, and ships because the Gulf Stream carries them elsewhere, but they have not disappeared, they have just been moved and altered. It is impossible for anything to stay in the exact spot it landed in the ocean because of the constant movement in the water. There is no evidence of the remains of people, but there are several contributing factors to why people have crashed such as: the underwater topography, the current of the Gulf Stream, and methane gas hydrates. There are very deep trenches in that area and it is unlikely that ships there will be found. The current in that area is also extremely strong and can misplace evidence of ships
Parts of the Great Barrier Reef are over 18 million years old. During this time sea levels have changed, with the Great Barrier Reef being left high and dry during the last ice age, turning into grassy plains. Sea levels rose as ice caps melted around 12 000 years ago, allowing corals to reestablish on old remnant reefs. It is the world’s largest coral reef ecosystem. The Great Barrier Reef is home to 1500 species of fish, 400 species of coral, 40000 species of Mollusk, 500 species of sea weed 215 species of birds, 16 species of sea snake and 6 species of turtle. However over time this diversity is rapidly decreasing, it is vital that the Great Barrier Reef is protected.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which is sometimes referred to as the Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch and the Pacific Trash Vortex is a floating patch of garbage that has collected in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, which is located in the middle of two high-pressure areas between Hawaii and California. The majority of the garbage, which is also called marine debris, in the patch is plastic, but items made from other materials such as glass and rubber are also present. Though the garbage patch is too large and goes too deep under the surface of the ocean for scientists to determine exactly how much garbage is in it, they have collected up to 750,000 bits of plastic one square kilometer (CITE). This sort of debris floating around in the ocean is dangerous for several reasons. One important reason is that marine animals mistake some of the garbage, especially plastics, for food (CITE). Another reason that the floating debris is so dangerous is because it can block sunlight from reaching deeper levels of the ocean, and thus, it removes the energy source for many autotrophs like alga...
Richmond, R. H. 1993. “Coral Reefs: Present problems and Future Concerns Resulting form Anthropogenic Disturbance.” American Zoologist. V33: P524-536.
DuTemple points out that there are also many threats to coral reefs relating to humans’ fishing and recreational activities, such as poison fishing, blast fishing, overfishing, and careless tourism/human contact. Fishermen sometimes stun fish residing in coral reefs by shooting cyanide, an extremely toxic poison into the reef.
...stic breaks down into smaller bits that are not as easy to spot. These small pieces are then consumed by the oceans small organisms that are also the bottom of the oceans food chain. Once it enters the ocean food chain, plastic and its toxins can then be transferred to humans through the ingestion of seafood. The Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean are home to many different bird species including the world’s largest number of albatrosses. Plastic items and waste materials are washed onto shore and mistaken by the birds as food. A wildlife manager by the name of Matt Brown cut open a dead albatross and found the contents of its stomach to have a large amount of plastic items including a part of a toothbrush, a bottle cap, and pieces of an old fishing net. Brown agrees with most scientists that it is going to take effort from society as a whole to fix this issue.
The ocean is an abundant source of life. It is home to thousand of different creatures, provides a great source of food, and provides the earth with about one half of the oxygen needed to sustain life. (National Geographic) Pollution especially plastic, is a catastrophic problem. Ironically plastic, which is a material designed to last forever is generally used for things we tend to throw away. Every year about one hundred to two hundred billion pounds of plastic are manufactured. Only 31% of that plastic is actually recycled. Biomass packaging estimates 10% of that plastic ends up in the ocean annually. About 20% of it coming from ships and other platforms, and the other 80% coming from land derived sources, such as international garbage dumping, winds or tides either way it finds its way to the ocean.(Biomass Packaging Co., et al)
Coral reefs can only function within a small temperature range with increased temperature breaking the symbiotic relationship between coral and zoozanthele. Freshwater runoff, a lack of cloud cover and an increase in atmospheric temperature, together have caused a 0.4°C increase in sea temperature since the 1800’s. In addition the GBRMPA reports sea level observations from Townsville show an average rise of 1.2mm/year. Sea levels have been constant in the past 6000 years. Despite reef growth rates supporting a 3mm/year rise, the increasing rate of change may have acute impacts on the surrounding environment (islands, cays etc.) which can alter the nature of coral
There are different ways and kinds of trash that get into the ocean from glass bottles to aluminum cans to medical waste. The majority of marine debris, however, is plastic. Scientists have accumulated up to 750,000 bits of plastic in a single square kilometer (or 1.9 million bits per square mile) of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Its sprawl may cover an area as much as one and a half times the size of the United States, Moore says, and to a depth of 100 feet, if not deeper. But because this rubbish is in the ocean, it drifts. Fragm...
The Great barrier reef has had many recent hardships, including water pollutants and the increasing water temperature. Although it may be too late to save this particular reef we the people must not be so nearsighted to the
...harges of Human-made Debris Comprise the Largest Source of Marine Debris in Oceans World-wide (nearly 80%)." Plastic Debris Rivers to Sea Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
In 2003, another 90 tonnes were found near the Pearl and Hermes, and Midway Islands. Heavy fishing gear litters the beaches, but probably much more serious is the fact that the gear gets snagged in the coral reefs, tearing the corals apart. It also traps endangered