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wastewater treatment
waste water practce
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CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction[1.5]
As the use of water is increasing day by day, there is growth in demand for new water treatment technologies as the world’s population increased and fresh water sources are polluted. Therefore its need to find out an alternative method to purify the waste water for recycled or reuse to fulfil the demand of the world.
Electrocoagulation is one of the best process for purifying water and waste water from different resources. Waste water treatment technologies used in both municipal and industrial applications have to be further developed in order to reduce the pollution of receiving water bodies. In the last decade, this technology has been increasingly used in the United States and then after many countries started to use
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1.4 Literature review
1.4.1 Introduction [1.3]
The various treatment processes which are widely used for the treating of wastewater in the industries are filtration, air stripping, ion-exchange, chemical precipitation, carbon adsorption, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, electro -dialysis and gas stripping. In beyond of this one of the advanced electrochemical technology based technique is the electrocoagulation process.
Electrocoagulation, the passing of electric current through water with the help of electrodes, which is very effective in the removal of complex pollutants from water. Electrocoagulation technique have been in existence for many years.
1.4.2 Summary [1.4]
Electrocoagulation technology is a technique which is nearly similar to chemical coagulation.
In chemical coagulation, pollutants in wastewater or polluted water to gather into a thick mass, allowing them to be easily removed. In contrast to chemical coagulation, the significant benefits of EC
different electrochemical reaction [29, 29]. The sweep rates in cyclic voltammetry can be about the same as in single sweep voltammetry.
Recently, water shortage problem becomes more and more serious in the world [1]. The desire to make a drinking water by treating a ground water, a surface water, a sea water and so on has been increasing. An electrodialysis (ED) is one of the useful methods and has applied to make the drinking water as well as RO and NF membranes [2~5].
Single circulatory system: This is a system where blood passes through the heart once when it makes a complete circuit round the body. (E.g fish)
The water ionizer is a costly home appliance which turns regular water to alkaline water through the process of electrolysis.
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
The key stakeholders are Peter Vyas, the manager of filtration unit and Cynthia Jackson who is the vice president of water management division. Vyas was convinced that the survival of the unit depended upon innovative growth and thus he appointed a technology evaluation team with the responsibility of using technology to solve the problem of obtaining clean water in remote regions, by developing a small-scale oxidation system that enabled waste-water disinfection in small batches. His utmost concern is the technological aspect of developing the product. On the other hand, Cynthia’s perspective was shaped by the marketing angle of the product. She recommended the development of future proposals using a rigorous three phase process which links the markets analysis and technological development to busines...
Electrolysis permanent hair removal systems is the first develoрed for hair removal, using an electric current. Electrolysis refers to An electrode needles are inserted into the hair follicle and then a small electrical current is used to break the network of blood vessels that support the growth of hair.
There are several types of treatment methods present but biological treatment methods have gained much traction in the recent years due to their low operation costs, comparatively benign effects on the environment and their ease of handling and maintenance. Biological wastewater treatment methods can be subcategorized into dispersed growth systems and attached growth systems. Biofilms fall under the latter category (Sehar & Naz, 2016)
The electrodialysis operation was carried out on a laboratory stack “PCCell ED 64 002” supplied by PCA-Polymerchemie Altmeier GmbH and PCCell GmbH, Heusweiler, Germany. As shown in Fig 3, ED cell is packed with ion exchange membranes (cation and anion), spacers and a pair of electrodes (anode and cathode). Both electrodes are made of Pt/Ir - coated Titanium. The membranes and spacers are stacked between the two electrode-end blocks. Plastic separators are placed between the membranes to form the flow paths of the dilute and concentrate streams. These spacers are designed to minimize boundary layer effects and are arranged in the stack so that all the dilute and concentrate streams are manifolded separately. In this way a repeating section called a cell pair is formed; it consists of a cation exchange membrane, a dilute flow spacer, an anion-exchange membrane, and a concentrate flow spacer. In this work, experiments were carried out by this stack equipped with three cation exchange membranes (CEM) and two anion exchange membranes (AEM).
The bacteria and wastewater is mixed in an aeration tank and therefore the contaminants are removed by action of sorption and series of breakdown by the bacteria.
Electrolysis Investigation Planning In this investigation, I will assess how changing the electric current in the electrolysis of acidified water affects the rate at which hydrogen gas is produced. The solution to be electrolysed is made up using acid and water. It is of little consequence what acid is used however in this case I will use Sulphuric acid (H2SO4). When H2SO4 is put in water it is dissociated and forms ions: H2SO4 → 2H (2+) + SO4 (2-) Ions are also present from the water in the solution: H2O → H (+) + OH (-) During the electrolysis process, the positive hydrogen ions move towards the cathode and the negative hydroxide and sulphate ions move towards the anode.
Humans these days take electricity for granted. We don’t truly understand what life was like without it. Most young adults will tell you their life does not depend on electricity, but they aren’t fooling anyone. They all know that their life depends on electricity; whether it’s television, their phone, Google, or the lights in their house. We need to stop taking those things for granted and give credit where credit is due. That is why I chose to write about the scientists who contributed to the discovery of electricity, which then helped modern scientists fuel the electricity phenomenons we now have today.
Improvement and upgrading of wastewater treatment processes and also the need to reduce the environmental factors make the use of tertiary wastewater treatment important.
Water plays such an important role in our daily lives. 70% of our body is composed of water. 70% of the earth surface is also made up of water, but out of the 70%, only 1/3 of water is consumable. In fact, this amount has been continuously to decrease as more and more industries began to pollute and damage the water. For example, many toxic chemicals may be released into the water thus making the water impure. Such pollutions and damages lead the water to be contaminated and inconsumable as it may cause severe diseases. Water purification can remove all the unnecessary bacteria and viruses from the water that is hazardous for our health. Water purification may also improve the flavor and appearance of water. It removes the unpleasant odor. Therefore, water purification became one of the most useful and popular process used by people all over the world today. It is by far the most recommended and safest water treatment that is commonly used to purify damaged water into consumable water. Water purification provides us with safe, pure and clean water to consume and use.
Asano, T., Burton, F., Leverenz, H., Tsuchihashi, R., Tchobanoglous, G. (2007). Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill